Ucwaningo oluningana lubonisa ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-NLRP3 inflammasome kunomthelela we-acute respiratory distress syndrome kanye/noma ukulimala okunamandla kwamaphaphu (ARDS/ALI) okubonwa ezigulini ezigula kakhulu ze-COVID-19 okuvame ukuholela ekufeni ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezitho eziningi. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi i-NLRP3 ingahle idlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu esifundweni somtholampilo. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokubeka le nkoleloze ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlola i-NLRP3 njengento engase ibe khona emthini wokulwa ne-COVID-19.
Isifo se-COVID-19 sidlale umonakalo emhlabeni wonke sithinta izigidi zabantu futhi siphazamisa umnotho womhlaba wonke. Abacwaningi emazweni amaningana basebenza ngokumelene nesikhathi ukuze bathole ikhambi lokulwa ne-COVID-19 ukuze abantu belapheke ngokushesha futhi kubuyiselwe isimo esijwayelekile. Amasu amakhulu asetshenziswayo njengamanje ahlanganisa ukwenza inoveli kanye nokuphinda kusetshenziswe izidakamizwa ezikhona1,2 okusekelwe phezu, izinhloso zomuthi ezihlonzwe ngokucwaninga ukusebenzisana kwe-viral host, okuqondiswe kumaprotheni egciwane ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphindaphindeka kwegciwane kanye nokuthuthukiswa komgomo. Qonda i-pathology yesifo se-COVID-19 ngokuningiliziwe ngokuqonda indlela yokusebenza kwayo, kungaholela ekuhlonzweni kwemishanguzo emisha engasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa okusha kanye nokuphinda kuhloswe okukhona. izidakamizwa ngokumelene nalezi zinhloso.
Ngenkathi iningi (~80%) leziguli ze-COVID-19 ziba nomkhuhlane omncane, ukukhwehlela, ukuzwa izinhlungu zemisipha futhi ziphole esikhathini esiyizinsuku eziyi-14-38, iningi kakhulu iziguli ezigulayo kanye nalabo abangapholi baba nenkinga yokuphefumula kanzima kanye/noma ukulimala okunamandla kwamaphaphu (ARDS/ALI), okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezitho eziningi okuholela ekufeni.3. Isiphepho se-Cytokine siye sathinteka ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ARDS/ALI4. Lesi siphepho se-cytokine ngokunokwenzeka sibangelwa ukusebenza kwe-NLRP3 inflammasome (i-multimeric protein complex eqala izimpendulo zokuvuvukala lapho iqala ukusebenza ngezisusa ezihlukahlukene.5) ngamaprotheni akwa-SARS-CoV-26-9 okufaka i-NLRP3 njengengxenye enkulu ye-pathophysiological ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ARDS/ALI10-14, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuphefumula ezigulini.
I-NLRP3 idlala indima ebalulekile esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Esimweni esivamile sokuphila, i-NLRP3 ikhona esimweni esingasebenzi esiboshwe amaprotheni athile ku-cytoplasm. Uma icushwa ngesisusa, idala izimpendulo ezivuvukalayo ezigcina zibangele ukufa kwamaseli anegciwane asulwa ohlelweni, bese i-NLRP3 ibuyela esimweni sayo sokungasebenzi. I-NLRP3 inflammasome iphinde ifake isandla ekusebenzeni kweplatelet, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokwakheka kwe-thrombus ku-vitro.15. Kodwa-ke, esimweni se-pathophysiological esifana nokutheleleka kwe-COVID-19, ukwenziwa kusebenze okungalawuleki kwe-NLRP3 kwenzeka okubangela isiphepho se-cytokine. Ukukhululwa kwama-cytokines abangela ukuvuvukala kubangela ukungena kwe-alveoli emaphashini okuholela ekuvuvukeni kwamaphaphu okugcwele kanye nokwehluleka kokuphefumula okulandelayo kodwa futhi kungase kubangele i-thrombosis ngokugqabuka kwama-plaque emikhumbi ngenxa yokuvuvukala. Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo bekuyingxenye enkulu yeziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela nge-COVID-1916.
Ukwengeza, i-NLRP3 inflammasome ikhonjisiwe, ekugqugquzelweni okukhethekile, ukubamba iqhaza ku-pathogenesis yokuzala kwabesilisa ngokungeniswa kwe-cytokine evuthayo kumaseli e-Sertoli.17.
Ngakho-ke, uma kubhekwa izindima ezishiwo ngenhla, i-NLRP3 inflammasome ibonakala idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emtholampilo weziguli ezigula kakhulu ze-COVID-19. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokufaka le nkoleloze ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlola i-NLRP3 inflammasome njengenhloso yomuthi ukulwa ne-COVID-19. Lo mbono uvivinywa ososayensi baseGreece abahlele ucwaningo lwesivivinyo somtholampilo olungahleliwe olubizwa ngokuthi i-GRECCO-19 ukuze kuphenywe imiphumela evimbelayo ye-colchicine ku-NLRP3 inflammasome.18.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ngezindima ze-NLRP3 inflammasome zizophinde zinikeze imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokugula nokuqhubeka kwesifo i-COVID-19. Lokhu kuzosiza odokotela ukuthi balawule kangcono iziguli ikakhulukazi lezo ezihambisana nokugula okufana nesifo senhliziyo neziguli esezikhulile. Ezigulini esezikhulile, ukukhubazeka okuhlobene neminyaka ku-T kanye ne-B-cell kubangela ukwanda kokubonakaliswa kwama-cytokines, okuholela ekuphenduleni okukhulayo okuhlala isikhathi eside, okungase kuholele kumphumela omubi womtholampilo.16.
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