Ama-Monoclonal Antibodies kanye Nezidakamizwa Ezisekelwe Kumaprotheni Angase Asetshenziselwe Ukwelapha Iziguli Ze-COVID-19

Ama-biologics akhona afana ne-Canakinumab (i-monoclonal antibody), i-Anakinra (i-monoclonal antibody) ne-Rilonacept (i-fusion amaprotheni) zingase zisetshenziswe njengezokwelapha ezinqanda ukuvuvukala ezigulini ze-COVID-19. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha omzimba omklami we-monoclonal anganikeza ukungatheleleki ngokuqeda igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 ukuvikela ukutheleleka. 

I-Drug Discovery ishintsha inkambo yayo isuka emithini ye-molecule encane iye kwi-biologics ehlanganisa amaprotheni kanye ne-monoclonal ama-antibodies njengezokwelapha. Lokhu kungenxa yokucaciswa okuphezulu okuholela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwe amaprotheni-izidakamizwa ezisekelwe kanye nemiphumela emibi ephansi uma iqhathaniswa nama-molecule amancane. Umuntu-imithi yokwelapha esekwe evimbela ukuvuvukala ihlanganisa imindeni emikhulu yezidakamizwa ze-biologic emkhakheni we-biotech/pharmaceutical. 

Ubhubhane lwakamuva lwe Covid-19 kwenza kucace kakhudlwana ukuhlonza kanye nokunikeza ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe imithi ekhona¹ ukulwa nesifo se-COVID-19. Enye yazo ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibodies e-monoclonal angasetshenziswa ngokumelene ne- I-NLRP3 i-inflammasome, isidakamizwa esihlosiwe esihlongozwe esihlokweni sami sangomhla ka-9^th Meyi 2020. Le ndatshana ichaze ukubaluleka kwe-NLRP3 inflammasome njengendlela entsha ehlosiwe yokwelapha i-COVID-19.². Kulo mongo, ukusetshenziswa kwamasosha omzimba e-monoclonal ngokumelene ne-IL-1 (interleukin-1) -beta ne-interleukin-18 (IL-18), okuyizimpawu zehholo ze-activation inflammasome.^3, ingabonakala isebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene ne-COVID-19 ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi ngaleyo ndlela isize iziguli.  

Okwamanje itholakala i-Canakinumab, i-monoclonal yomuntu anti eqondiswe ku-IL-1 beta ethengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Ilaris⁴, umuthi wokwelapha i-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis kanye ne-active Still's disease. Lokhu kungazanywa futhi kuhlolwe ezigulini ze-COVID-19 ukuze kwehliswe ukuvuvukala nokuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukwengeza, i-Anakinra, emakethe njenge-Kineret®, i-recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) engasetshenziswa ukuvimba i-receptor futhi ivimbele isenzo se-IL-1 beta. Enye i-biologic etholakalayo i-Rilonacept (Arcalyst^®)^4, inhlanganisela ye-dimeric amaprotheni okuhlanganisa isizinda esibopha i-ligand se-IL-1 receptor yomuntu kanye nesesekeli se-IL-1 receptor amaprotheni okungazanywa ukuvimbela ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-IL-1 beta.  

Ngaphezu kokukhomba imiphumela engezansi yomfula we-COVID-19, efana ne-NLRP3 eshiwo ngenhla, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasosha omzimba omklami we-monoclonal angakwazi ukuqeda igciwane futhi anikeze ukuzivikela okungenzi lutho kubantu, kuphinde kube isiphakamiso esikhangayo kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa umgomo.^5,6,7. 

***

References:  

1. Soni, R., 2020. Indlela Eyinoveli 'Yokuphinda Usebenzise' Izidakamizwa Ezikhona Ze-COVID-19. Isayensi yaseYurophu. Ishicilelwe ngoMeyi 7, 2020. Itholakala ku-inthanethi ngo  http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/a-novel-approach-to-repurpose-existing-drugs-for-covid-19/  

2. Soni, R., 2020. I-NLRP3 I-Inflammasome: Ithagethi Yesidakamizwa Inoveli Yokwelapha Iziguli Ezigula Kakhulu I-COVID-19. Isayensi yaseYurophu. Ishicilelwe ngoMeyi 09, 2020. Itholakala ku-inthanethi ngo  http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/nlrp3-inflammasome-a-novel-drug-target-for-treating-severely-ill-covid-19-patients/  

3. U-Dolinay T, Kim YS, et al 2012. Ama-cytokines alawulwa yi-inflammasome angabalamuli ababalulekile bokulimala okunamandla kwamaphaphu. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 185 (11) (2012), amakhasi 1225-1234. I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201201-0003OC 

4. Angeline XH Goh, Sebastien Bertin-Maghit, Siok Ping Yeo, Adrian Ho, Heidi Derks, Alessandra Mortellaro & Cheng-I Wang (2014) A novel human anti-interleukin-1β neutralizing anti-monoclonal antibody ebonisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-vivo, mAbs, 6:3 , 764-772, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/mabs.28614  

5. Cohen, J. Designer amasosha omzimba angalwa ne-COVID-19 ngaphambi kokuthi kufike imigomo. I-DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe1740  

6. Ledford, H. 2020. Imithi yokwelapha elwa namagciwane ingaba ibhuloho lokugomela i-coronavirus - kodwa ingabe umhlaba uzozuza? Imvelo. Ishicilelwe ngo-11^th Agasti 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02360-y 

7. I-NIH.gov 2020. I-NIH yethula isilingo somtholampilo ukuze kuhlolwe ukwelashwa kwamasosha omzimba ezigulini ezisesibhedlela ze-COVID-19. Ishicilelwe ngo-August 4, 2020. Itholakala ku-inthanethi kokuthi https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-clinical-trial-test-antibody-treatment-hospitalized-covid-19-patients  

***