Ososayensi bahlonze indlela ehlukile ebonisa imizwa engasiza ukululama ezinhlungwini eziqhubekayo ngemva kokulimala.
Sonke siyazi ubuhlungu - umuzwa ongemnandi obangelwa ukushisa noma ubuhlungu noma ikhanda. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lobuhlungu emizimbeni yethu lubandakanya ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi okuthile izinzwa, umgogodla kanye nobuchopho bethu. Emgogodleni wethu, okhethekile izinzwa thola imilayezo evela ku-peripheral ethile izinzwa futhi alawula ukudluliswa komyalezo ebuchosheni bethu. Ukuthi isignali eya ebuchosheni ibalulekile kuncike ebukhulu bobuhlungu. Esimeni sokusha kungazelelwe, umlayezo udluliswa njengokuphuthumayo kanti uma kuklwejwa noma imihuzuko encane, imilayezo ayimakwa njengephuthumayo. Le miyalezo ibe isihamba iye ebuchosheni futhi ubuchopho buzophendula ngokuthumela imilayezo ukuze sikwazi ukuphulukisa okungenzeka kube ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa noma ubuchopho bungase bukhiphe amakhemikhali acindezela ubuhlungu. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwe ubuhlungu kuhlukile kuwo wonke umuntu futhi ubuhlungu buhlanganisa ukufunda nokukhumbula.
Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu bungahlukaniswa njengobuhlungu besikhathi esifushane noma obunzima kanye nobuhlungu besikhathi eside noma obungapheli. Ubuhlungu obukhulu ubuhlungu obukhulu noma obuzumayo obuvela ngenxa yokugula noma ukulimala noma ukuhlinzwa. Nakuba ubuhlungu obungapheli yibo obuqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi buba ukugula noma isimo ngokwaso.
Ubuhlungu obungapheliyo
Isibonelo, ngemva kokugwazwa kozwane noma ukushwabana onyaweni noma entendeni yesandla noma ukuthinta into eshisa kakhulu, ngemva nomuzwa wokushaqeka umzimba uyanyakaza ukuze uphume emsebenzini noma emthonjeni wengozi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso kodwa i-reflex iqine ngokwanele ukuze isisunduzele kude nenye ingozi. Lokhu kuchazwa njengempendulo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo elondolozwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ukuze kwandiswe ukuphila kodwa izindlela eziqondile azikaziwa. Ubuhlungu obungapheli noma ubuhlungu bube sekuqala ngemva kokuba ukushaqeka kokuqala kokulimala kudlule. Futhi lobu buhlungu obuqhubekayo buthatha isikhathi ukudamba okungaba imizuzwana, imizuzu noma izinsuku. Umuntu ulokhu ezama ukudambisa izinhlungu ngokuthi afake ingcindezi, i-hot compress, izindlela zokupholisa njll.
Ososayensi baseHarvard Medical School bazimisele ukuhlaziya izindlela ezehlukene isisusa sobuhlungu esihamba ngaso sisuka endaweni yokuhlukumezeka noma yokulimala emzimbeni siye ebuchosheni. Imiphumela ebuhlungu evela ku-neurology eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela izinzwa zokuzwa okuthiwa ama-nociceptors futhi kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezihambisa izimpawu umgogodla kanye nezindawo zobuchopho. Imininingwane yalesi simo ayikaqondwa kahle. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi "i-matrix yobuhlungu" ebuchosheni ibangela ukulimala kodwa kungase kube nokunye futhi.
Ukuqonda indlela yobuhlungu
Esicwaningweni eshicilelwe ku Nature, ososayensi babheka umgogodla inzwa amaseli ahlotshaniswa nezisusa eziyingozi. Isakhi sofuzo esibizwa nge-Tac1 esivezwe kulawa maseli sibonakale sinendima ebalulekile emisebenzini ye-neuron. Futhi ucwaningo lwabo lubonisa ukuthi kungase kube nezindlela ezahlukene ezilandelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zobuhlungu. Bahlonze indlela entsha ye izinzwa kumagundane abukeka sengathi abangela ubuhlungu obungapheli noma ubuhlungu obuvela ngemva kokushaqeka kokuqala kobuhlungu. Lapho ecisha lesi sakhi sofuzo, amagundane asabonisa impendulo ebuhlungu obukhulu obungalindelekile. Futhi lapho izinyawo zabo zigwazwa noma zimpintshwa njll babebonisa izimpawu zokuzondwa. Kodwa-ke, amagundane awazange abonise noma yiziphi izimpawu kamuva zokungakhululeki okuqhubekayo ezitshela ukuthi ubuchopho abuzange batshelwe ngalo monakalo oveza ukuthi lo mgogodla izinzwa ingase ibe neqhaza ekwaziseni ubuchopho.
Ngakho, kunezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokuqhuma kokuqala kobuhlungu kanye nokungakhululeki okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kungase kube isizathu esisodwa sokuthi kungani imithi eminingi edambisa izinhlungu ilungele ubuhlungu bokuqala kodwa ayikwazi ukulwa nobuhlungu obungapheli, ubuhlungu, ukuhlaba njll okungase kuchazwe njengendlela yokubhekana nayo. Imiphumela iphinde ichaze ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi abakhethiwe bezidakamizwa behumusha kabi kusukela ezifundweni zangaphambi komtholampilo ukuya ekwelapheni okuphumelelayo kwezinhlungu.
Lolu cwaningo luye lwafaka imephu ngokokuqala ngqa ukuthi izimpendulo zivela kanjani ngaphandle kobuchopho bethu futhi lolu lwazi lunikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile futhi lungasiza ukuqonda izifunda ezihlukahlukene ze-neural ezibhekene nobuhlungu obungapheli nokungakhululeki. Ukuba khona kwezimpendulo ezimbili ezihlukene zokuvikela ukugwema ukulimala okulawulwa izindlela ezihlukene zamasignali ezinzwa. Kuyacaca ukuthi umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela yi-reflex yokuhoxiswa ngokushesha futhi okwesibili impendulo yokubhekana nobuhlungu eyenziwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlupheka nokugwema ukulimala kwezicubu ngenxa yokulimala. Enkingeni eqhubekayo ye-opioid, kuyisidingo esicindezelayo sokuthuthukisa imithi emisha yokwelapha izinhlungu. Njengoba ubuhlungu obungapheli buba yisimo nokugula ngokwakho, kuye kwabaluleka ukubhekana nalesi sici sokulawula ubuhlungu.
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Umthombo (s)
U-Huang T et al. 2018. Ukukhomba izindlela ezidingekayo zokubhekana nokuziphatha okuhambisana nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0793-8
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