Ama-henipavirus amabili, i-Hendra igciwane (HeV) kanye neNipah igciwane (NiV) kakade baziwa ngokubangela izifo ezibulalayo kubantu. Manje, sekuhlonzwe i-henipavirus yenoveli ezigulini ezine-febrile eMpumalanga China. Lolu uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-phylogenetically lwe-henipavirus futhi luqanjwe ngokuthi i-Langya henipavirus (LayV). Iziguli bezinomlando wakamuva wokuchayeka ezilwaneni, yingakho kusikisela ukudluliswa kwesilwane kumuntu. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kusanda kuvela igciwane lokho kunomthelela onamandla empilweni yomuntu.
UHendra igciwane (HeV) kanye neNipah igciwane (NiV), eyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Henipavirus ku- igciwane umndeni we-Paramyxoviridae uvele esikhathini esidlule. Zombili zibhekene nezifo ezibulalayo kubantu nasezilwaneni. I-genome yabo iqukethe i-RNA enomucu owodwa ezungezwe imvilophu ye-lipid.
UHendra igciwane (I-HeV) yaqala ukuhlonzwa ngo-1994-95 ngokugqashuka endaweni engaphansi kwe-Hendra e-Brisbane, e-Australia lapho amahhashi amaningi nabaqeqeshi bawo betheleleka futhi benqotshwa izifo zamaphaphu nezimo zokopha. Igciwane le-Nipah (NiV) yaqala ukuhlonzwa eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ngo-1998 eNipah, eMalaysia kulandela ukuqubuka kwasendaweni. Kusukela lapho, kube nezimo eziningana ze-NiV emhlabeni wonke emazweni ahlukene ikakhulukazi eMalaysia, Bangladesh naseNdiya. Lokhu kuqubuka ngokuvamile kwakuhlotshaniswa nokufa okuphezulu phakathi kwabantu nemfuyo.
Isithelo ukulwa (I-Pteropus), eyaziwa nangokuthi impungushe endizayo, amadamu ezilwane emvelo kokubili i-Hendra igciwane (HeV) kanye neNipah igciwane (NiV). Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kumalulwane ngamathe, umchamo, nendle kuye kubantu. Izingulube zingosokhaya omaphakathi we-Nipah kanti amahhashi angabasingathi abamaphakathi be-HeV ne-NiV.
Kubantu, izifo ze-HeV ziveza izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokudlulela ku-encephalitis ebulalayo kuyilapho izifo ze-NiV zivame ukuvela njengezinkinga zemizwa kanye ne-encephalitis ebukhali futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukugula kokuphefumula. Ukudluliselwa komuntu kumuntu kwenzeka ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokutheleleka1.
I-Henipaviruses iyingozi kakhulu. Lawa ama-zoonotic avela ngokushesha amagciwane. NgoJuni 2022, abacwaningi babika ukubonakaliswa kwenye i-henipavirus ebizwa ngokuthi, i-Angavokely igciwane (AngV)2. Lokhu kuhlonzwe kumasampula omchamo wamalulwane asendle, aseMadagascar. I-genome yayo ibonisa zonke izici eziyinhloko ezihlobene ne-pathogenicity kwamanye ama-henipaviruses. Nalokhu kungaba yinkinga uma kuchitheka nakubantu, uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi amalulwane adliwa njengokudla eMadagascar.
Ngomhla zi-04 Agasti 2022, abacwaningi3 kubikwe ukuhlonza (izimpawu kanye nokuhlukaniswa) kwenye futhi inoveli igciwane le-henipavirus kusukela emphinjeni weziguli ezine-febrile ngesikhathi sokugadwa kwabalindi. Baqamba lolu hlobo lwe-Langya henipavirus (LayV). Ihlobene ne-phylogenetically ne-Mojiang i-hepatitis. Bahlonze iziguli ezingu-35 ezine-LayV ezifundazweni zaseShandong naseHenan China. Awekho amanye amagciwane ayekhona kwabangu-26 kulezi ziguli. Zonke iziguli ezine-LayV zazinomkhuhlane kanye nezinye zezimpawu. Ama-shrews abonakala eyindawo yemvelo ye-LayV, njengoba ucwaningo lwezilwane ezincane luveze ukuba khona kwe-LayV RNA ku-27% wezinja, u-2% wezimbuzi kanye no-5% wezinja.
Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kusikisela ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-LayV kwakuyimbangela yomkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu ezihambisanayo phakathi kweziguli ezacwaningwa futhi izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane zaziyimbangela ephakathi ye-LayV. igciwane.
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References:
- Kummer S, Kranz DC (2022) I-Henipaviruses-Usongo oluqhubekayo emfuyweni nakubantu. I-PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16(2): e0010157. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010157
- Madera S., et al 2022. Ukutholwa kanye Nesimo Se-Genomic se-Novel Henipavirus, i-Angavokely virus, evela kumalulwane ezithelo e-Madagascar. Kuthunyelwe ngoJuni 24, 2022. Iphrinta kusengaphambili i-bioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.12.495793
- Zhang, Xiao-Ai et al 2022. I-Zoonotic Henipavirus ku-Febrile Patients e-China. Agasti 4, 2022. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:470-472. I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2202705
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