Ucwaningo lwenze ngempumelelo futhi lwahlola umkhumbi wangaphandle onjengesibeletho ezimvini zezingane, okudala ithemba ngezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esikhathini esizayo.
An yokufakelwa isibeletho eklanyelwe futhi yathuthukiswa ngenhloso yokweseka izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezibuthakathaka iye yaboniswa ngempumelelo okokuqala ngqa ezilwaneni (izimvu zezingane lapha). Lolu cwaningo lushicilelwe ku Nature Ezokuxhumana ziyimpumelelo enkulu yesayensi yonyaka wezi-2017 futhi zenze ithemba ngezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lolu wucwaningo oluvele lushaye ingwijikhwebu kumphakathi wonkana njengoba lunamandla okuthinta impilo yezigidi zezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukulingisa isibeletho
Ucwaningo oluholwa nguSolwazi Alan Flake, udokotela ohlinzayo kanye nomqondisi weCentre for Fetal Research in the Centre for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA lubonisa ukuthi amawundlu azalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (okulingana namasonto angu-23 noma 24) ekhulelwe. usana olungabantu) zagcinwa ngempumelelo ziphila futhi zabonakala zikhula ngendlela evamile ngenkathi zintanta ngaphakathi kwendawo esobala, isibeletho isitsha sokusekela noma umkhumbi, obizwa nge-“Biobag”.
Lolu hlelo lwamanje lwenoveli lilingisa ukuphila esibelethweni ngokuseduze ngangokunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ulwazi oluvela ocwaningweni lwangaphambili lwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Isebenzisa isitsha sepulasitiki esigcwele uketshezi noma isitsha esinamathiselwe kweminye imishini eklanywe ngokwezifiso ehlinzeka ngosizo oludingekayo lwempilo. Amawundlu akhulela endaweni evalekile, elawulwa izinga lokushisa, eyinyumba kunoma yikuphi ukuhluka (izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela noma ukukhanya) kanye nezifo eziyingozi, kuyilapho ephefumula uketshezi lwe-amniotic njengoba evame ukwenza esibelethweni. Inhliziyo yomntwana iphampa igazi ngenkaba emshinini womoya-mpilo wangaphandle ongazweli kancane wesistimu ethatha ngobuhlakani obukhulu esikhundleni se-placenta kamama ekushintsheni umoya-mpilo nesikhutha. Lokhu kudingekile kakhulu njengoba kulesi sikhathi sokukhulelwa amaphaphu engane awakathuthukisiwe ukuze akwazi ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo ovela emkhathini. Abaqaphi abahlukene be-elekthronikhi baqhubeka bekala izimpawu zabo ezibalulekile. Ukuze isistimu iphumelele, izinto zayo zokungena nokuphumayo ziye zaklanywa ngokuqhubekayo futhi zaklanywa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile. Amawundlu aqhubeka ngempumelelo ekhula ku-Biobag amasonto amane agcwele (amahora angu-670 ezinsukwini ezingama-28) ngemva kokuzalwa kwawo futhi abonisa ukuphefumula okuvamile, ukugwinya, ukunyakaza kwamehlo, izimpawu zokusebenza, uboya obuhlumile kanye nokukhula okuvamile nokuvuthwa kwezitho zomzimba. Abacwaningi babiza lokhu ngokuthi “umbono owesabekayo” kodwa noma kunjalo, bathi isimiso sabo sidinga ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo.
Abacwaningi abazange bazame ukunweba ukusebenza esikhathini esingaphambili kunophawu lwamanje lwamaviki angama-23 ngenxa yemikhawulo eminingana ekhulisa ubungozi, okuhlanganisa nosayizi, ukusebenza komzimba kungabeka izingozi ezinkulu ngokungamukeleki. Iningi lamawundlu ocwaningo ahlukunyezwa ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele isikhathi esigcwele ukuze aphinde ahlolwe; nokho omunye manje u-a Enempilo izimvu ezikhulile.
Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: umthwalo omkhulu
Kuye kwabikezelwa ukuthi izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-15 zizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37) minyaka yonke emhlabeni wonke futhi lesi sibalo sanda. Izinga lokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi lisukela ku-5% kuya ku-18% wezingane ezizalwa emazweni angu-184 emhlabeni jikelele. Izinkinga eziphakama ngenxa yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ziyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5.
Iningi lokufa kwezinsana libangelwa ukungakabi yisikhathi ngisho nangemva kokuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kwezinqubo zokunakekela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Futhi nakuba izinsana ezintekenteke ezikwazi ukuphila enkathini yamaviki angu-23-23 (amaphesenti angu-30-50), kusadingeka zihlupheke ngenxa yezinga lempilo eliphansi, zibhekane nezinkinga zempilo ezihlala njalo kanye nokukhubazeka impilo yonke ezimweni eziningi. Futhi, ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni okusezingeni eliphezulu kuthinta imiphumela ngendlela ehlukile esimweni ngasinye. Lezi zimo ziphinde zibeka umthwalo wezezimali nowomzwelo kubazali kanye nasemkhakheni wezempilo.
Manje izimvu, okulandelayo ngabantu?
Lolu cwaningo luhlola futhi luqaphe imiphumela kumawundlu akhulelwe futhi sekuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhula kwamaphaphu ezimvini ngaphambi kokubeletha kufana kakhulu nabantu. Nakuba ubuchopho bezimvu bukhula ngesivinini esihlukile kunesabantu. Uhlelo lwamanje luzodinga ukwehliswa kwezinsana ezingabantu, ezicishe zibe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamawundlu asanda kuzalwa asetshenziswe ocwaningweni. Uma kuphumelela ngendlela efanayo ezinganeni ezingabantu emashumini eminyaka azayo angu-1-2, kunethuba elimangalisayo lokuthi izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zizoqhubeka nokukhula emakamelweni noma emikhunjini egcwele isibeletho njengoketshezi lwe-amniotic, kunokuthembela kuma-incubator asekelwa ama-ventilators. futhi ngeke kudingeke ukuba uhlushwe yizinqubo eziningi zokuhlasela.
Ukuhlolwa komuntu okungaqhutshekelwa phambili kusuka kulolu cwaningo, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kusasele amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, kodwa lolu cwaningo lubikezela impumelelo efanayo engaba khona ezinsaneni ezingabantu. Inhloso enkulu ukweqa umkhawulo wamasonto angama-28 kubantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okube sekwehlisa noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi empilweni. Uhlelo olunjalo lwe-extra-uterine/isibeletho sokwenziwa uma senzelwe ukukhula nokuvuthwa kwesitho amaviki ambalwa nje singathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yomuntu ongakabi yisikhathi. babies.
Lena isayensi ekhangayo, engavamile
Uma sibheka lolu cwaningo, singase siqale sicabange ngezwe lapho izingane zingakhula esibelethweni esenziwe ngokwenziwa ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe izingozi ezingenzeka zezempilo zokukhulelwa ezithinta umama kanye nosana olungakazalwa. Kodwa-ke, asikwazi ukuthatheka ngale micabango, ngoba ukususa isici esibaluleke kakhulu - "umdali nomondli wokuphila" - umama kuyo yonke inqubo angenza ukukhula kwezingane (kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-9 izinyanga) kube yisayensi. inganekwane nakho konke ukuthuthukiswa kwasekuqaleni okwenzeka ngokoqobo emshinini. Umbono abacwaningi abawusakazile awukona “ukuqeda ngokuphelele” omama kodwa kunalokho unikeze ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa kanye/noma ukuvimbela ukufa nokugula okubangelwa ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
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{Ungafunda iphepha lokuqala locwaningo ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi se-DOI esinikezwe ngezansi ohlwini lwemithombo ekhonjiwe}
Umthombo (s)
I-Partridge EA et al. 2017. Isistimu ye-extra-uterine yokweseka ngokomzimba iwundlu elingaphambi kwesikhathi ngokwedlulele. Nature nokuxhumana. 8(15112) http://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15112.
