Matter ingaphansi kokukhangwa amandla adonsela phansi. Ukuhlobana okujwayelekile kuka-Einstein kwakubikezele ukuthi i-antimatter nayo kufanele iwele eMhlabeni ngendlela efanayo. Nokho, abukho ubufakazi bokuhlola obuqondile kuze kube manje obubonisa lokho. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ALPHA e-CERN ukuhlola okuqondile kokuqala okubone umphumela we amandla adonsela phansi ngokunyakaza kwe-antimatter. Okutholakele kuhoxise 'i-antigravity' enyanyekayo futhi kubambe lokho amandla adonsela phansi amathonya ndaba kanye ne-antimatter ngendlela efanayo. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ama-athomu e-antihydrogen (a positron ukujikeleza i-antiproton) yawela eMhlabeni ngendlela efanayo nama-athomu e-hydrogen.
I-Antimatter yakhiwe ngama-antiparticles (ama-positron, ama-antiproton nama-antineutron angama-antiparticles ama-electron, ama-proton nama-neutron). Matter futhi i-antimatter iqedana ngokuphelele lapho ihlangana ishiya ngemuva amandla.
Matter futhi i-antimatter yadalwa ngamanani alinganayo ekuqaleni indawo yonke by Big Bang. Kodwa-ke, manje asiyitholi i-antimatter emvelweni (i-asymmetry ye-antimatter). Indaba iyabusa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqonda kwezakhiwo nokuziphatha kwe-antimatter akuphelele. Ngokuphathelene nomthelela wamandla adonsela phansi ekunyakazeni kwe-antimatter, ithiyori evamile yokuhlobana yayibikezele ukuthi i-antimatter nayo kufanele ithonywe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa kwakungekho ukubhekwa kokuhlola okuqondile okuqinisekisa lokho. Abanye babeze baphikise ngokuthi ngokungafani ne-matter (engaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi), antimatter ingase ibe ngaphansi kwe-'antigravity' enyanyekayo ekhishwe okutholwe kamuva okushicilelwe kokuhlolwa kwe-CERN's ALPHA.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwakuwukwenza ama-anti-athomu elabhorethri futhi uwalawule ukuze agweme ukuhlangana nezinto nokuqothula. Kungase kuzwakale kulula kodwa kuthathe ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka ukwenza lokho. Abacwaningi bagxile kuma-athomu e-antihydrogen njengohlelo olufanele lokutadisha ukuziphatha kwamandla adonsela phansi kwe-antimatter ngoba ama-athomu e-antihydrogen awanawo ugesi angathathi hlangothi futhi ayizinhlayiya ezizinzile ze-antimatter. Ithimba labacwaningi lathatha ama-antiproton anecala elibi akhiqizwa elabhorethri futhi lawabopha ngama-positron ane-positron ane-positron aphuma emthonjeni we-sodium-22 ukuze akhe ama-athomu e-antihydrogen abevalelwe ogibeni kazibuthe ukuze avimbele ukushabalala nama-athomu ento. Isicupho kazibuthe sivaliwe ukuze kuvunyelwe ama-athomu e-antihydrogen ukuthi abaleke ngendlela elawulwayo emshinini ome mpo u-ALPHA-g kanye nokuma okume mpo lapho ama-athomu e-antihydrogen aqothula khona ngendaba kukalwa. Abacwaningi bavale amaqembu ama-athomu e-antihydrogen angaba yi-100. Kancane kancane bakhulula ama-antiatom eqembu elilodwa esikhathini esingangemizuzwana engu-20 ngokunciphisa amandla kazibuthe angaphezulu nangaphansi. Bathole ukuthi ingxenye yama-anti-athomu akhona phezulu naphansi ahambisana nemiphumela yama-athomu asuka ekulingiseni. Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi ukusheshisa kwe-athomu ye-antihydrogen kwakuhambisana nokusheshisa okwaziwayo ngenxa amandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwezinto kanye nomhlaba okuphakamisa ukuthi i-antimatter ingaphansi kokukhangwa kwamandla adonsela phansi okufanayo njenge-matter hhayi kunoma iyiphi 'i-antigravity' enyanyekayo.
Lokhu okutholakele kuyingqopha-mlando ocwaningweni lokuziphatha kwamandla adonsela phansi kwe-antimatter.
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Imithombo:
- I-CERN 2023. Izindaba - ukuhlolwa kwe-ALPHA e-CERN kubona ithonya lamandla adonsela phansi ku-antimatter. Kuthunyelwe ngomhla ka-27 Septhemba 2023. Itholakala e- https://www.home.cern/news/news/physics/alpha-experiment-cern-observes-influence-gravity-antimatter Kufinyelelwe ngomhla ka-27 Septhemba 2023.
- Anderson, EK, Baker, CJ, Bertsche, W. et al. Ukubhekwa komthelela wamandla adonsela phansi ekunyakazeni kwe-antimatter. Imvelo 621, 716–722 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1
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