I-Oxygen-28 (28O), i-isotope yomoya-mpilo enzima kakhulu engavamile itholwe abacwaningi baseJapane. Kungazelelwe kutholakale ukuthi ngelesikhashana futhi alizinzile naphezu kokuhlangabezana nenqubo yenombolo “yomlingo” nyukliya ukuzinza.
Umoya-mpilo inama-isotopes amaningi; wonke anamaphrothoni angu-8 (Z) kuma-nuclei awo kodwa ayahluka ngenani lama-neutron (N). Ama-isotopes azinzile 16O, 17O no 18O anama-neutron angu-8, 9 kanye nayi-10 kumanuclei awo ngokulandelana. Kuma-isotopes amathathu azinzile, 16I-O iyinsada kakhulu eyakha cishe u-99.74% wawo wonke umoya-mpilo otholakala emvelweni.
Okusanda kutholwa 28I-O isotopu inamaphrothoni angu-8 (Z=8) nama-neutron angu-20 (N=20). Bekulindeleke ukuthi izinze ngoba ihlangabezana nemfuneko yenombolo “yomlingo” ngokuphathelene nakho kokubili ama-proton nama-neutron (umlingo ophindwe kabili) kodwa itholakale iphila isikhashana futhi yabola ngokushesha.
Yini eyenza i-nucleus ye-athomu izinze? Ingabe ama-proton nama-neutron ane-positive charges abanjelwe ndawonye ku-nucleus ye-athomu?
Ngaphansi kwemodeli yegobolondo evamile ye nyukliya isakhiwo, ama-proton kanye ne-neutron kucatshangwa ukuthi athatha amagobolondo. Kukhona umkhawulo enanini elifanele lama-nucleon (ama-proton noma ama-nucleon) angakwazi ukufakwa “kwigobolondo” elinikeziwe. Ama-nuclei ahlangene futhi azinzile uma “amagobolondo” egcwele “izinombolo ezithile” zama-proton noma ama-neutron. Lezi "zinombolo ezithile" zibizwa ngokuthi izinombolo "zomlingo".
Njengamanje, u-2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, no-126 ngokuvamile abhekwa njengezinombolo "zomlingo".
Lapho kokubili inani lamaphrothoni (Z) kanye nenani lama-neutron (N) kuyinucleus lilingana nezinombolo “zomlingo,” kuthathwa njengendaba yomlingo “okuphindwe kabili” ohlotshaniswa nokuzinza. nyukliya isakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, 16O, i-isotope yomoya-mpilo ezinzile futhi eningi kakhulu ine-Z=8 kanye ne-N=8 okuyizinombolo "zomlingo" kanye nomlingo ophindwe kabili. Ngokufanayo, i-isotope esanda kutholwa 28U-O uno-Z=8 kanye no-N=20 okuyizinombolo zomlingo. Ngakho-ke, i-Oxygen-28 bekulindeleke ukuthi izinze kodwa itholakale ingaqinile futhi iphila isikhashana esivivinyweni (nakuba lokhu kutholwa kokuhlola kusazoqinisekiswa ekuhlolweni okuphindaphindiwe kwezinye izilungiselelo).
Ngaphambilini, i-32 yaphakanyiswa ukuthi iyinombolo entsha ye-neutron kodwa ayizange itholakale njengenombolo yomlingo kuma-isotopes e-potassium.
Igobolondo elijwayelekile-imodeli ye nyukliya isakhiwo, ithiyori yamanje echaza indlela ama-nuclei e-athomu akhiwe ngayo ibonakala ingenele okungenani esimweni 28O isotope.
Ama-nucleon (ama-proton kanye ne-neutron) abanjwe ndawonye ku-nucleus ngamandla anamandla enuzi. Ukuqonda ukuzinza kwe-nuclear nokuthi izakhi zenziwa kanjani kulele ekuthuthukisweni kokuqonda kangcono la mandla ayisisekelo.
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References:
- I-Tokyo Institute of Technology. Izindaba zocwaningo - Ukuhlola I-Light Neutron-Rich Nuclei: Ukubhekwa Kokuqala Kwe-Oxygen-28. Kushicilelwe: Agasti 31, 2023. Itholakala e- https://www.titech.ac.jp/english/news/2023/067383
- Kondo, Y., Achouri, NL, Falou, HA et al. Ukubonwa kokuqala kwe 28O. Nature 620, 965-970 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06352-6
- Umnyango Wezamandla wase-US 2021. Izindaba - Umlingo Uhambile NgeNeutron Number 32. Itholakala e- https://www.energy.gov/science/np/articles/magic-gone-neutron-number-32
- Koszorús, Á., Yang, XF, Jiang, WG et al. Shaja irediyo ye-potassium isotopes yangaphandle inselele ithiyori yenuzi kanye nomlingisi omlingo we N = 32. Nat. Phys. 17, 439-443 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-01136-5
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