Izikhulumi zesiNgisi okungezona ezomdabu zibhekana nezithiyo ezimbalwa ekwenzeni imisebenzi isayensi. Basesimweni esibi ekufundeni amaphepha esiNgisi, ukubhala kanye nokuhlola imibhalo yesandla, nokulungiselela nokwenza izethulo zomlomo ezingqungqutheleni zesiNgisi. Ngosizo oluncane olutholakala emazingeni ezikhungo nasemphakathini, abakhuluma isiNgisi okungezona ezomdabu basele ukuthi banqobe lobu bubi ekwakheni imisebenzi yabo kwezesayensi. Njengoba kunikezwe u-95% wabantu bomhlaba abakhuluma isiNgisi okungezona ezomdabu futhi abavamile inani labantu iwumthombo wabacwaningi, kubalulekile ukubhekana nezinkinga ababhekana nazo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yesayensi ngoba isayensi ngeke ikwazi ukuphuthelwa iminikelo evela echibini elikhulu kangaka elingakasetshenziswa. Ukusetshenziswa kwe Isekelwe ku-AI amathuluzi angehlisa izithiyo zolimi “Kubantu abakhuluma isiNgisi okungebona bomdabu” emfundweni yesayensi nocwaningo ngokunikeza ukuhumusha okuhle kwekhwalithi nokuhlola amaphutha. Isayensi yaseYurophu isebenzisa ithuluzi elisekelwe ku-AI ukuhlinzeka ngokuhumusha kwama-athikili ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-80. Ukuhumusha kungase kungabi okuphelele kodwa uma kufundwa nge-athikili yoqobo ngesiNgisi, kwenza ukuqonda nokwazisa umbono kube lula.
Isayensi mhlawumbe "iwuchungechunge" oluvame kakhulu oluhlanganisa imiphakathi yabantu egcwele amaphutha emibono nepolitiki. Izimpilo zethu kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba zisekelwe kakhulu isayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ukubaluleka kwayo kungaphezu kobukhulu bomzimba nemvelo. Kungaphezu nje kweqoqo lolwazi; isayensi iyindlela yokucabanga. Futhi sidinga ulimi lokucabanga, ukufinyelela kanye nokwabelana ngemibono nolwazi kanye nokusabalalisa intuthuko kulo isayensi. Kanjalo isayensi ithuthuka futhi iyisa isintu phambili1.
Ngenxa yezizathu zomlando, isiNgisi savela njenge lingua franca kubantu bezizwe eziningi ezahlukene kanye nemfundo yesayensi nocwaningo emazweni amaningi. Kunolwazi olucebile nesisekelo sensiza ngesiNgisi sakho kokubili "abantu besayensi" kanye "nezethameli ezijwayelekile ezinengqondo yesayensi". Ngokuvamile, isiNgisi sisebenze kahle ekuxhumaniseni abantu nasekusabalaliseni isayensi.
Njengesikhulumi sesiNgisi esingesona somdabu esivela edolobheni elincane, ngikhumbula ngenza imizamo eyengeziwe ezinsukwini zami zasekolishi ekuqondeni izincwadi zesiNgisi nezincwadi zesayensi. Kwangithatha iminyaka eminingana yemfundo yasenyuvesi ukuze ngikhululeke ngesiNgisi. Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami siqu, ngangihlale ngicabanga ukuthi izikhulumi zesiNgisi ezingezona zomdabu kwezesayensi kufanele zenze umzamo owengeziwe ukuze zihambisane nezikhulumi zesiNgisi zomdabu mayelana nekhono lokuqonda amaphepha afanele ocwaningo nokuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo ngemibhalo yesandla ebhaliwe kanye nezethulo zomlomo ku. izingqungquthela nezingqungquthela. Inhlolovo esanda kushicilelwa inikeza ubufakazi obuningi bokusekela lokhu.
Ocwaningweni olushicilelwe ku-PLOS ngomhla ka-18th NgoJulayi 2023, ababhali bahlole abacwaningi abangama-908 kwezemvelo isayensi yokulinganisa nokuqhathanisa inani lomzamo odingekayo ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yesayensi ngesiNgisi phakathi kwabacwaningi abavela emazweni ahlukene kanye nezizinda ezihlukene zezilimi nezomnotho. Umphumela ubonise izinga elibalulekile lesithiyo solimi kwabakhuluma isiNgisi okungezona ezomdabu. Abantu abangasikhulumi isiNgisi somdabu badinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokufunda nokubhala iphepha. Zidinga imizamo eyengeziwe yokuhlola umbhalo wesandla. Imibhalo yabo yesandla maningi amathuba okuthi yenqatshwe amajenali ngenxa yokubhalwa kwesiNgisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu ekulungiseleleni nasekwenzeni izethulo zomlomo kumasemina nezinkomfa eziqhutshwa ngesiNgisi. Ucwaningo aluzange lubangele ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, amathuba alahlekile kanye nezimo zalabo abaye bayeka ngenxa yesithiyo solimi yingakho imiphumela yonke kwabakhuluma isiNgisi okungezona ezomdabu ingase ibe mibi kakhulu kunalokho okutholwe yilolu cwaningo. Uma kungekho ukwesekwa kwesikhungo, kusala kwabakhuluma isiNgisi okungesona somdabu ukuthi benze imizamo eyengeziwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ukuze banqobe izithiyo futhi bakhe imisebenzi kwezesayensi. Ucwaningo luncoma ukuhlinzekwa kokusekelwa okuhlobene nolimi emazingeni ezikhungo nasemphakathini ukuze kuncishiswe ukonakala kwabakhuluma isiNgisi okungebona abomdabu. Uma kubhekwa u-95% wabantu bomhlaba abakhuluma isiNgisi okungezona ezomdabu futhi inani labantu liwumthombo wokugcina womcwaningi, ukuhlinzekwa kosekelo emazingeni ezikhungo nezenhlalo kubalulekile. Umphakathi ngeke ukwazi ukuphuthelwa iminikelo yesayensi evela echibini elikhulu kangaka elingakasetshenziswa2.
I-Artificial intelligence (AI) intuthuko yesayensi eyodwa enamandla okuxazulula ezinye zezinkinga ezibalulekile abakhuluma isiNgisi okungezona ezomdabu ababhekana nazo ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu. Amathuluzi amaningi e-AI manje aseyatholakala ngokwentengiso ahlinzeka ngokuhumusha okuhle kwe-neural cishe kuzo zonke izilimi. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuhlola imibhalo yesandla usebenzisa amathuluzi e-AI. Lokhu kunganciphisa inani lomzamo kanye nezindleko ekuhumusheni nasekuhloleni amaphutha.
Ukuze kube lula izikhulumi nabafundi besiNgisi okungezona zomdabu, Isayensi yaseYurophu isebenzisa ithuluzi elisekelwe ku-AI ukuze inikeze ukuhumusha okuhle kwe-neural kwezihloko ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-80 ezihlanganisa cishe sonke isintu. Ukuhumusha kungase kungabi okuphelele kodwa uma kufundwa nge-athikili yoqobo ngesiNgisi, ukuqonda nokwazisa umbono kuba lula. Njengomagazini wesayensi, i-Scientific European ihloselwe ukusabalalisa intuthuko ebalulekile kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kubafundi abanengqondo yesayensi ikakhulukazi izingqondo ezisencane iningi labo elizokhetha imisebenzi yesayensi esikhathini esizayo.
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Source:
- uCarl Sagan's Isayensi Njengendlela Yokucabanga
- Amano T., et al 2023. Izindleko eziningi zokuba isikhulumi sesiNgisi esingesona somdabu kwezesayensi. I-PLOS. Kushicilelwe: Julayi 18, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002184
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