Zisendaweni engaba amamayela angu-600 entshonalanga yogu lwe-Ecuador ePacific Ocean, iziqhingi zentaba-mlilo zaseGalápagos zaziwa ngemvelo yazo ecebile nezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala zikhona. Lokhu kwaphefumulela inkolelo-mbono kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwezakhi ezinomsoco amanzi ajulile phezulu kusekela ukukhula kwe-phytoplankton esiza iGalápagosUcebile i-ecosystem iyachuma futhi iqhubeke. Kodwa yikuphi ukulawula nokunquma ukukhuphuka kwamanzi ajulile phezulu kwakungaziwa kuze kube manje. Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, isiyaluyalu esinamandla esidalwa umoya wasendaweni oya enyakatho ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nolwandle sinquma ukukhuphukela kwamanzi ajulile phezulu.
I-Galápagos archipelago e-Ecuador iphawuleka ngezinhlobonhlobo zayo ezicebile neziyingqayizivele. I-Galapagos National Park ihlanganisa u-97% wendawo yezwe leziqhingi futhi amanzi azungeze iziqhingi abizwa ngokuthi 'Marine Biosphere Reserve' yi-UNESCO. Ulwandle olunemibala izinyoni, ophengwini, oxamu basolwandle, izimfudu zasolwandle ezibhukudayo, izimfudu ezinkulu, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle nama-mollusc, nezimfudu eziwumfanekiso eziqhingini ezinye zezilwane eziyingqayizivele ezitholakala kulesi siqhingi.
I-Galápagos iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yezinto eziphilayo. Yaduma emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuhlotshaniswa kwayo nethiyori eyingqopha-mlando yokuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo by ukukhethwa kwemvelo. Isazi semvelo saseBrithani, uCharles Darwin wavakashela iziqhingi emuva ngo-1835 ngenkathi esohambweni lwe-HMS Beagle. Izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala eziqhingini zamkhuthaza ukuba acabange ngemvelaphi yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokuzikhethela kwemvelo. Darwin babeqaphele ukuthi iziqhingi ziyahlukahluka nezici ezibonakalayo nezingokwendawo njengezinga lenhlabathi nemvula. Kanjalo nezitshalo nezilwane eziqhingini ezahlukene. Ngokuphawulekayo, izimo zamagobolondo ofudu olukhulu zazihlukile eziqhingini ezehlukene - kwesinye isiqhingi amagobolondo ayemise okwezihlalo kanti kwesinye, amagobolondo ayemise okwedome. Lokhu kuqaphela kwamenza wacabanga ukuthi izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane zingaba khona kanjani ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokushicilelwa kwethiyori kaDarwin ethi Origin of Species ngo-1859, ukuhluka kwezinto eziphilayo kweziqhingi zaseGalápagos kwabonakala emhlabeni wonke.
Uma kubhekwa iziqhingi ngemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo ngenxa yesilinganiso semvula nezimila, enye yezinkinga iwukuchaza indlela yokusebenzisana yezinto ezisekela futhi zigcine i-ecosystem ecebile kangaka ehlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala zezilwane zasendle ezihlukile. Lokhu kuqonda kubalulekile ekuhloleni nasekunciphiseni ukuba sengozini kweziqhingi kumaqiniso amanje emvelo njenge ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi ukuphakama (ukwenyuka) kwamanzi ajulile anothile ngezakhi emanzini azungeze iziqhingi kusekela ukukhula kwe-phytoplankton (microscopic single-celled photosynthetic organisms like algae) okwenza isisekelo sokudla. amawebhu ezinto eziphilayo zendawo. Isisekelo esihle se-phytoplankton sisho ukuthi izidalwa eziya phambili ochungechungeni lokudla ziyachuma futhi ziyachuma. Kodwa yiziphi izici ezinquma futhi zilawule ukukhuphukela kwamanzi ajulile phezulu? Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, umoya wendawo oya enyakatho udlala indima ebalulekile.
Ngokusekelwe kumodeli yesifunda yokujikeleza kolwandle, kutholwe ukuthi imimoya yasendaweni eya enyakatho ezindaweni ezisempumalanga nolwandle idala isiphithiphithi esinamandla esinquma ukushuba kokukhuphukela kwamanzi ajulile phezulu. Lo mkhathi wasendaweni-ukusebenzelana kolwandle kuyisisekelo sokudla kwe-Galápagos imvelo. Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa nokuncishiswa kokuba sengozini kwe-ecosystem kufanele kufake phakathi le nqubo.
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Imithombo:
- Forryan, A., Naveira Garabato, AC, Vic, C. et al. Ukwenyuka kwe-Galápagos okuqhutshwa ukusebenzisana kwendawo komoya nangaphambili. Imibiko yesayensi umthamo 11, inombolo ye-athikili: 1277 (2021). Ishicilelwe ngomhla ka-14 Januwari 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80609-2
- University of Southampton, 2021. Izindaba -Ososayensi bathola imfihlo ye-ecosystem ecebile ye-Galápagos Itholakala ku-inthanethi kwa- https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2021/01/galapagos-secrets-ecosystem.page . Kufinyelelwe ngomhla ka-15 Januwari 2021.
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