Isibikezelo Sesimo Sezulu Esisemkhathini: Abacwaningi Balandelela Umoya Welanga ukusuka eLangeni ukuya endaweni eseduze Nomhlaba 

Abacwaningi, ngokokuqala ngqa, balandelele ukuvela komoya welanga kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo eLangeni kuya kumthelela wawo endaweni eseduze yoMhlaba futhi baye babonisa ukuthi isenzakalo sesimo sezulu sasemkhathini singabikezelwa kanjani ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2 kusengaphambili. Lolu cwaningo luyinoveli ekuxhumaniseni ukusakazeka komoya welanga kanye nomthelela wawo endaweni ezungezile eseduze noMhlaba kusukela ezindaweni ezihlukene zokubuka emkhathini. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iziphuphutheki ezibekwe endaweni efanele emkhathini zingase zisetshenziselwe ukuqapha ukusabalala kwemimoya yelanga emhlabeni engathuthukisa kakhulu ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu sasemkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-"Vigil mission" ehleliwe ye-European Space Agency (ESA) ihlose futhi ukubeka iso emimoyeni yelanga ukuze inikeze izexwayiso kusengaphambili ngeziphepho zelanga ezizayo ezivela endaweni ye-Fifth Lagrange (L2.5) ebangeni eliseduze le-5 million km ukusuka eLangeni. . Okwamanje isesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa, izohlinzeka ngokusakazwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela sezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu sasemkhathini ngemva kokwethulwa kwayo ngo-150.    

Ukubikezela isimo sezulu (okungukuthi, sizoba kanjani isivinini somoya, imvula, izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya kwelanga njll) endaweni kubalulekile kithi ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa eziphathelene nempilo yethu yansuku zonke okuhlanganisa ezolimo, ezokuthutha, ukuzijabulisa nokuzijabulisa njll. Ukubikezela okunembile kwesimo sezulu isiza umnotho futhi yenza impilo yethu ibe lula futhi inethezeke kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu, isinika isikhathi sokuhlanganisa izinsiza ukuze sithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezidingekayo ukuze sivikele emonakalweni wempilo nempahla ezenzakalweni zesimo sezulu esibi njengezikhukhula, iziphepho, amagagasi okushisa, imvula enkulu njll.  

Isimo sezulu eMhlabeni siyasithonya, kanjalo “nesimo sezulu emkhathini”. Ngenxa yokuthi iplanethi yethu eyikhaya elinguMhlaba iyingxenye yesimiso sezinkanyezi senkanyezi evamile ebizwa ngokuthi iLanga (nayo yona, ingxenye encane yomthala ongasho lutho endaweni yonke ebizwa ngokuthi i-Milky Way ), ukuphila kwethu nempucuko eMhlabeni kuthonywa izimo. emkhathini ikakhulukazi isimo sezulu endaweni yangakithi eplanethini sonozungezilanga. Noma iluphi ushintsho olubi kakhulu esimweni sezulu emkhathini luyingozi ezinhlotsheni zempilo zebhayoloji kanye nengqalasizinda yobuchwepheshe esekelwe kugesi kanye ne-electronics Emhlabeni nasesikhaleni. Amasistimu kagesi namakhompiyutha, amagridi kagesi, amapayipi kawoyela negesi, izingcingo, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo okuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi omakhalekhukhwini, i-GPS, izithunywa zasemkhathini nezinhlelo, ezokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, i-inthanethi njll. - konke lokhu kungase kuphazamiseke futhi kumiswe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okukhulu. esikhaleni sezulu. Osomkhathi kanye nezindawo ezisemkhathini njengemikhumbi-mkhathi zisengozini kakhulu. Kube nezimo eziningana zalokhu esikhathini esidlule isb, ngoMashi 1989 'iQuebec Blackout' eCanada eyabangelwa ukuvutha okukhulu kwelanga kwalimala kabi igridi yamandla. Amanye amasathelayithi nawo abe nomonakalo. Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka kwesistimu yokubikezela isimo sezulu sasemkhathini, ngendlela esinezinhlelo zokubikezela isimo sezulu eMhlabeni.  

Okokuqala, into ehamba phambili kumkhathi wesimo sezulu eMhlabeni amaza “womoya” ahlanganisa ama-molecule egesi emkhathini woMhlaba. Endabeni yesimo sezulu emkhathini, “umoya welanga” ohlanganisa imifudlana yezinhlayiya ezinamandla kakhulu ezine-ionized ezifana nama-electron, izinhlayiya ze-alpha njll (okungukuthi. i-plasma) ephuma kungqimba olushisa kakhulu lwe-coronal yomkhathi weLanga kuyo yonke ihlangothi kuyi-heliosphere kuhlanganise nokuya ngasemkhathini. umhlaba.   

Ngakho-ke, ukubikezelwa kwesimo sezulu sasemkhathini kuhilela ukubikezela izimo zomoya welanga ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni kwamanje ukwakheka kwawo, ukuqina nokunyakaza kwawo emkhathini. Siyazi, ukuphuma okungazelelwe koquqaba kusuka kungqimba lwe-coronal yeLanga (okungukuthi. I-Coronal Mass Ejections noma ama-CME) kuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezinamandla zomoya welanga noma iziphepho zelanga. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekwa kwe-CME noma izizinda kazibuthe ze-photospheric kunganikeza umbono mayelana nokuvimbela isiphepho somoya welanga kodwa uhlelo oluvamile lokubikezela isimo sezulu sasemkhathini lungadinga ukuhlanganisa imodeli nokubhekwa komoya welanga ukuze kutholwe isilinganiso seqiniso (okungukuthi ukufanisa idatha). Lokhu, kuzodinga ukulandelelwa njalo kokuvela komoya welanga kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo eLangeni kuya kumthelela wawo endaweni eseduze yoMhlaba.  

Njengoba kwabikwa ngomhla ka-09 Septhemba 2024, abacwaningi abavela ku-VSSC, ISRO, ngokokuqala ngqa, balandelela ukuvela komoya welanga kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo eLangeni kuya kumthelela wawo endaweni eseduze noMhlaba. Besebenzisa idatha evela kumasiginali werediyo ye-TTC (Telemetry, Tracking and Command) evela ku-ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) kusukela ngo-2015 kanye nenethiwekhi ye-InSWIM (Indian ye-Space Weather Impact Monitoring), badwebe imephu yomsuka, ukusheshisa, nokusabalala kwesivinini esikhulu. i-solar wind streams (HSS) futhi yabona umthelela wayo ku-ionosphere Yomhlaba ene-latitude ephansi. baye babonisa ukuthi isenzakalo sezulu sasemkhathini singabikezelwa kanjani ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-2.5 kusengaphambili. Lolu cwaningo luyinoveli ekuxhumaniseni ukusakazeka komoya welanga kanye nomthelela wawo endaweni ezungezile eseduze noMhlaba kusukela ezindaweni ezihlukene zokubuka emkhathini. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amasathelayithi abekwe endaweni efanele emkhathini angasetshenziswa ukuqapha ukusabalala kwemimoya yelanga ukuya emhlabeni okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu sasemkhathini.  

I-“Vigil mission” ehleliwe ye-European Space Agency (ESA) ihlose futhi ukubeka iso emimoyeni yelanga ukuze inikeze izexwayiso kusengaphambili ngeziphepho zelanga ezizayo ezivela endaweni ye-Fifth Lagrange point (L5) ebangeni eliseduze kakhulu le-150 million km ukusuka eLangeni. Okwamanje isesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa, izohlinzeka ngokusakazwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela sezinsizakalo zesimo sezulu sasemkhathini ngemva kokwethulwa kwayo ngo-2031.  

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References:  

1. Jain RN, et al 2024. Umthelela wokusakaza komoya we-Solar Wesivinini Esiphezulu phezu kwesistimu ye-Ionospheric ye-latitude ephansi - Ucwaningo oluhlanganisa u-Indian MOM kanye nokubhekwa kwe-InSWIM. Izaziso zanyanga zonke zeRoyal Astronomical Society, isigaba 2091. Kushicilelwe: 09 Septhemba 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2091  

2. Turner H., 2024. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo sezulu kusukela ekufanisweni kwedatha yomoya welanga. PhD Thesis. Inyuvesi Yokufunda. 21 Meyi 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48683/1926.00116526  Kuyatholakala ku-  https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/116526/1/Turner_thesis.pdf  

3. ESA. Ukuphepha emkhathini - Umsebenzi we-Vigil. Itholakala ngo https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Vigil  

4. I-Eastwood JP, 2024. I-Vigil Magnetometer Yezinsizakalo Zesimo Sezulu Zokusebenza Emkhathini Kusuka Ephuzwini Le-Sun-Earth L5. Isimo sezulu sasemkhathini. Ishicilelwe okokuqala: 05 Juni 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003867  

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Izihloko ezihlobene 

• I-Mars Orbiter Mission (MAMA) ye-ISRO: Ukuqonda Okusha Ekubikezelweni Komsebenzi Welanga (15 Januwari 2022) 

• Isimo Sezulu Esisemkhathini, Iziphazamiso Zomoya Welanga kanye Nokuqhunyiswa Kwemisakazo (11 February 2021)  

• Amafomu e-Aurora: “Imvula Ye-Polar Aurora” Itholwe Kusukela Phansi Ngokokuqala ngqa (I-27 Juni 2024) 

• I-Coronal Mass Ejection (CMEs) eminingi evela ku-The Sun Observed (I-11 Meyi 2024)  

• I-solar observatory spacecraft, i-Aditya-L1 ifakwe ku-Halo-Orbit (7 Januwari 2024) 

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