Ama-flares avela ku-Supermassive Binary Black Hole OJ 287 abeka umkhawulo ku-“No Hair Theorem”

AmaNASA I-infra-red observatory i-Spitzer isanda kubona ukuqubuka kwe-bigantic binary umgodi omnyama uhlelo lwe-OJ 287, phakathi nesikhathi esilinganiselwe esibikezelwe imodeli eyakhiwe izazi zezinkanyezi. Lokhu kubheka kuye kwahlola izici ezihlukene zeGeneral Relativity, “No-hair theorem”, futhi kwafakazela ukuthi i-OJ 287 iwumthombo we-infra-red ngempela. Amagagasi Adonsela phansi.

The OJ 287 galaxy, etholakala kumlaza weCancer eqhele ngeminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.5 ukusuka eMhlabeni, inamabili izimbobo ezimnyama – enkulu enezikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-18 Mass weLanga nokuzungeza lokhu kuncane umgodi omnyama cishe izikhathi eziyizigidi ezingu-150 kune-solar Mass, futhi zakha kanambambili umgodi omnyama uhlelo. Ngenkathi izungeza enkulu, encane umgodi omnyama iphahlazeka kudiski elikhulu legesi nothuli elizungeze umngane walo omkhulu, lidale ukukhanya okukhanyayo okungaphezu kwethriliyoni izinkanyezi.

Amancane umgodi omnyama ishayisana nediski yokukhula kwenkulu kabili njalo eminyakeni eyishumi nambili. Nokho, ngenxa ye-oblong yayo engavamile i-orbit (okuthiwa i-quasi-Keplarian ku-teminology yezibalo, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi), ama-flare angavela ngezikhathi ezahlukene - ngezinye izikhathi kancane njengonyaka owodwa ngaphandle; ngezinye izikhathi, ngokwehlukana ngeminyaka eyi-10 (1). Imizamo eminingana yokumodela i i-orbit kanye nokubikezela ukuthi ukuqubuka kuzokwenzeka nini akuphumelelanga kwaze kwaba ngo-2010, lapho izazi zezinkanyezi zenza imodeli engabikezela ukwenzeka kwazo ngephutha elingangesonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Ukunemba kwemodeli kuboniswe ngokubikezela ukuvela komlilo ngoDisemba 2015 kuya phakathi kwamasonto amathathu.

Olunye ulwazi olubalulekile olwangena ekwenziweni kwethiyori eyimpumelelo kanambambili umgodi omnyama uhlelo OJ 287 iqiniso ukuthi supermassive izimbobo ezimnyama kungaba imithombo amagagasi adonsela phansi – esisungulwe ngemuva kokubhekwa kokuhlolwa kwe amagagasi adonsela phansi ngo-2016, ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ezimbili supermassive izimbobo ezimnyama. I-OJ 287 ibikezelwe ukuthi izoba umthombo we-infra-red amagagasi adonsela phansi (2).

Ngo-2018, iqembu lezazi zezinkanyezi linikeze imodeli enemininingwane eyengeziwe, futhi lathi liyakwazi ukubikezela isikhathi sokuvutha okuzayo kuze kube ngamahora ambalwa (3). Ngokwale modeli, ukuvutha okulandelayo kuzokwenzeka ngoJulayi 31, 2019 futhi isikhathi sabikezelwa ngephutha lamahora angama-4.4. Iphinde yabikezela ukukhanya komlilo obangelwa umthelela ozokwenzeka phakathi nalowo mcimbi. Umcimbi uthathwe waqinisekiswa ngu AmaNASA I-Spitzer Space I-Telescope (4), eyayeka ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2020. Ukubona lesi senzakalo esasibikezelwe, iSpitzer kwaba ukuphela kwethemba lethu njengoba lokhu kuqubuka kwakungabonwa yinoma iyiphi enye ibonakude emhlabeni noma eMhlabeni. i-orbit, njengoba iLanga lalisemlaza weCancer eline-OJ 287 kanye noMhlaba usemaceleni alo ahlukene. Lokhu kubuka kuphinde kwafakazela ukuthi i-OJ 287 iyaphuma amagagasi adonsela phansi kubude beza beza obubomvu be-infra, njengoba kubikezelwe. Ngokwalo mbono ohlongozwayo ukuqubuka komthelela okuvela ku-OJ 287 kulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke ngo-2022.

Ukubonwa kwalezi ziqhumane kubeka isithiyo “Ayikho ithiyomu yezinwele” (5,6) okusho ukuthi ngenkathi izimbobo ezimnyama ayinazo izindawo eziyiqiniso, kunomngcele ezizungezile lapho kungekho lutho - ngisho nokukhanya - okungaphunyuka. Lo mngcele ubizwa ngokuthi umkhathizwe womcimbi. Le thiyori iphinde ibeke ukuthi indaba eyenza umgodi omnyama noma ewela kuyo "inyamalala" ngemuva umgodi omnyama umkhathizwe womcimbi ngakho-ke awufinyeleleki unomphela ezibukelini zangaphandle, okuphakamisa ukuthi izimbobo ezimnyama ungabi “nezinwele”. Omunye umphumela osheshayo we-theorem ukuthi i izimbobo ezimnyama zingabonakala ngokuphelele nge yabo Mass, ukushaja kagesi kanye ne-intrinsic spin. Ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, lo mkhawulo wangaphandle we-black-hole, okungukuthi umkhathizwe womcimbi, ungase ube namaqhubu noma ungavamile, ngaleyo ndlela uphikisana ne-"No hair theorem". Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu kufanele afakazele ukunemba kwe-"No hair theorem", okuwukuphela kwencazelo ezwakalayo ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba ye-black-hole enkulu kungahlanekezela. isikhala ukuyijikeleza ngendlela yokuthi ingaholela ekushintsheni kwendlela encane umgodi omnyama, bese ushintsha isikhathi se- umgodi omnyama ukungqubuzana ne-accretion disk kuleyo ngxenye i-orbit, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ushintsho ngesikhathi sokubukeka kwama-flare abonwayo.

Njengoba kungalindeleka, izimbobo ezimnyama kunzima ukuphenya. Ngakho-ke, njengoba siqhubekela phambili, eminye imibono eminingi yokuhlola mayelana umgodi omnyama ukusebenzisana, nendawo ezungezile kanye nezinye izimbobo ezimnyama, kufanele kufundwe ngaphambi kokuthi umuntu aqinisekise ukufaneleka kwe-"No hair theorem".

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References:

1. Valtonen V., Zola S., et al. 2016, "Primary black hole spin in OJ287 njengoba kunqunywa General Relativity centenary flare", Astrophys. J. Lett. 819 (2016) no.2, L37. I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/819/2/L37
2. Abbott BP., et al. 2016. (I-LIGO Scientific Collaboration kanye ne-Virgo Collaboration), "Ukubhekwa kwamagagasi adonsela phansi avela ku-Binary Black Hole Merger", i-Phys. Umfundisi Lett. 116, 061102 (2016). I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102
3. Dey L., Valtonen MJ., Gopakumar A. et al 2018. "Ukuqinisekisa Ubukhona Be-Relativistic Massive Black Hole Binary ku-OJ 287 Ukusebenzisa I-General Relativity Centenary Flare: I-Orbital Parameters Ethuthukisiwe", I-Astrophys. J. 866, 11 (2018). I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadd95
4. Laine S., Dey L., et al 2020. "Ukubhekwa kwe-Spitzer kwe-Eddington Flare Ebikezelwe kusukela ku-Blazar OJ 287". I-Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 894, No. 1 (2020). I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab79a4
5. Gürlebeck, N., 2015. "I-No-Hair Theorem Yezimbobo Ezimnyama Ezindaweni Ze-Astrophysical", Izincwadi Zokubuyekeza Ngokwenyama 114, 151102 (2015). I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.151102
6. Hawking Stephen W., et al 2016. Izinwele Ezithambile kuma-Black Holes. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.00921.pdf

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