Ucwaningo olubandakanya izilinganiso olwenziwe nguJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) luphakamisa ukuthi i-exoplanet 55 Cancri e inomoya wesibili okhishwe yi-magma ocean. Esikhundleni samatshe ahwamukile, umkhathi ungase ucebe nge-CO2 ne-CO. Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala sokutholwa komkhathi wesibili eduze kwe-exoplanet enamatshe futhi sibalulekile kwisayensi ye-exoplanet ngoba ukutholwa nokondleka komkhathi onothile ngegesi yiplanethi enamatshe kuyisihluthulelo. ekuhlaleni.
Ama-exoplanets (okungukuthi, amaplanethi angaphandle kwesimiso sonozungezilanga) ayikona okugxilwe kukho ekusesheni amasignesha okuphila okungaphezu komhlaba. Ukutholwa kanye nezimpawu ze exoplanets ezinhlelweni zezinkanyezi zibalulekile ekuhloleni amaplanethi anjengomhlaba okuhlalwa kuwo anemvelo nezimo ezifanele ukusekela ukuphila.
Ama-exoplanets okuqala atholwa ngawo-1990. Kusukela lapho, kuye kwatholakala ama-exoplanets angaphezu kuka-5000 emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Cishe zonke zatholakala emthaleni wasekhaya i-Milky Way. An exoplanet emthaleni ongaphandle kwatholakala okokuqala ngo-2021.
Ama-exoplanets anezindawo ezinamatshe nomoya wesibili anesithakazelo esikhethekile kwizazi zezinkanyezi ngoba anjalo exoplanets kungenzeka abe nezimo ezifana nomhlaba. Umkhathi wesibili wakhiwa kusukela ekuphumeni kogesi kwezinto eziboshelwe kusigqoko esifudumele kuya ebusweni beplanethi. Kumaplanethi asemhlabeni, umkhathi oyinhloko owakhiwe ngamagesi alula njenge-hydrogen ne-helium anqwabelene ngesikhathi sokuqala kweplanethi uyalahleka ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kanye nokuphunyuka kwesivinini seplanethi.
I-Exoplanet 55 Cancri e
I-Exoplanet 55 Cancri e iyi-exoplanet enamatshe ashisayo esendaweni engama-41 light-year kude noMhlaba kuCancer womlaza. Igcwele amadwala nezinga lokushisa elilinganayo elilinganiselwa ku-2,000 K, izungeza inkanyezi efana neLanga i-55 Cancri futhi ihlukaniswa njengoMhlaba Omkhulu (ngoba unobubanzi obuphindwe kabili kowoMhlaba kanye nokuminyana okungaphezulu kancane). Ukwakheka kwawo kungenzeka kufane namaplanethi anamadwala esimiso sonozungezilanga.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lwale exoplanet luphakamise ukuba khona komkhathi ocebile ngokuguquguquka. Imiphumela ibingathandi ukuba khona kwe-H2/Wayebusa umkhathi oyinhloko kodwa akukwazanga ukuvala ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi imvilophu yegesi yenziwe ngamadwala ahwamukile njengoba iplanethi ishisa ngokwanele ukuvumela ukuhwamuka kwamadwala ancibilikisiwe. Bekungeke kwaziwa ukuthi umkhathi wale e exoplanet ungowesibili yini owakhiwe kusukela ekuphumeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezivaleleke ngengubo efudumele kuya ebusweni beplanethi.
Umkhathi wesibili ukhula ngemva kwamagesi alula (ikakhulukazi u-H2 futhi Yena) bayalahleka njengoba iplanethi iphola. Yakheka ekuphumeni kogesi kusuka ngaphakathi kuya phezulu kweplanethi ngenxa yezintaba-mlilo noma imisebenzi ye-tectonic. Isibonelo, i-atmosphere yeVenus, Earth kanye ne-Mars iyindawo yesibili. Ukuba khona komkhathi wesibili kuyi-exoplanet kuphakamisa ukuvela okuqhubekayo kweplanethi yesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi kufinyeleleke ekuhlalweni okungenzeka.
Uphenyo lwe-JWST lwe-exoplanet 55 Cancri e
Izilinganiso ze-thermal emission spectrum ye-exoplanet 55 Cancri e ngamathuluzi aphakathi kwe-James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) ikhiphe isinqumo sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umkhathi wenziwe ngamatshe ahwamukile. Okutholakele okusha kukhombisa ukuthi umkhathi uphuma olwandle lwe-magma futhi cishe ucebile nge-CO2 kanye ne-CO.
Lokhu kuyintuthuko ebalulekile kwisayensi ye-exoplanet. Kungokokuqala ngqa ukuthi i-exoplanet itholwe inomoya ozungezile owenziwe ngezinto ezikhishwa umoya ngaphakathi (umkhathi wesibili).
Umhlaba, iVenus kanye ne-Mars ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga ayembozwe yi-magma ocean esikhathini esidlule ngokuhlangana komkhathi, phezulu nangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke intuthuko entsha ingasisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono izimo zakuqala zoMhlaba, iVenus, neMars nokuthi iplanethi enamadwala iwuthola kanjani futhi usimamise umkhathi onothile ngegesi, imfuneko eyinhloko ukuze iplanethi ikwazi ukuhlaleka.
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References:
- I-JPL. Ama-Exoplanets - Amacebo eWebb e-NASA at Possible Atmosphere Ezungeza i-Rocky Exoplanet. Kuthunyelwe ngomhla ka-8 Meyi 2024. Itholakala e- https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-webb-hints-at-possible-atmosphere-surrounding-rocky-exoplanet
- Hhayi, R., et al 2024. Umkhathi wesibili ku-exoplanet enamadwala 55 Cancri e. Imvelo 630, 609-612. Kushicilelwe: 08 May 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07432-x
- Inyuvesi yase-Oregon. Amakhasi - Umkhathi oyinhloko nowesibili. Itholakala ngo https://pages.uoregon.edu/jschombe/ast121/lectures/lec14.html
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