I-astrobiology iphakamisa ukuthi ukuphila kuningi endaweni indawo yonke kanye nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasendulo (ngaphesheya komhlaba) zingatholakala ngaphambi kwezinhlobo ezihlakaniphile. Ukusesha impilo yangaphandle komhlaba kubandakanya ukufuna amasignesha ebhayoloji eduze nesistimu sonozungezilanga kanye nokubheka radio amasignali noma amasignesha obuchwepheshe ekujuleni okukude isikhala. Kukhona isimo sokugcizelela okuvuselelwe ekusesheni ama-technosignatures empilo ku- indawo yonke.
Uma kukhona ukuphila ngale kwalokhu planet ? Lo mbuzo ubulokhu uhlaba umxhwele abantu futhi bekunokuningi okuvusa inkanuko nokunaka kwabezindaba extra-terrestrial amafomu empilo. Kodwa isayensi imi kuphi? Manje sesinomkhakha ogcwele ogcwele wemikhakha eyahlukene yesayensi yezinkanyezi esizinikezele ocwaningweni lwemvelaphi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwempilo indawo yonke.
Embuzweni Uma kukhona ukuphila ngale komhlaba, kunethemba lokuthi kungenzeka ukuphila kwangaphandle komhlaba (Billings L., 2018). NASA I-telescope ye-Kepler ibonise ukuthi imihlaba okuhlalwa kuyo miningi ezweni indawo yonke. Kanjalo nezisekelo zempilo yingakho kubonakala kunengqondo ukuthola ukuthi impilo kufanele ibe yichichima indawo yonke.
Ingabe kungenzeka ngempela ukuthola ubuhlakani obungaphezu komhlaba? Yebo, kunethuba elikhulayo ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe (Hirabayashi H. 2019). Ngakho-ke kukhona impela icala lokufuna ukuphila kwelinye amaplanethi; isimo sempilo yangaphandle komhlaba singaba ngeyakudala noma ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi ihlakaniphe. Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi kunethuba elilinganiselwe lempumelelo ekusesheni uhlobo lwempilo yakudala kunelihlakaniphile (Lingam noLoeb, 2019). Ukucabanga okubusayo ku isayensi yezinkanyezi ukuthi "ukuxhumana kokuqala" nempilo yangaphandle komhlaba kungase kube nempilo ye-microbial kwenye indawo (Billings L., 2018).
Sizisesha kanjani? Ukusesha kwe ukuphila ku indawo yonke njengamanje ibandakanya izindlela ezimbili - sesha ama-biosignatures (amasignisha of biology) ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezizungeze uhlelo sonozungezilanga kanye radio sesha ama-technosignatures (amasignesha amafomu empilo ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe) akhishwe emithonjeni ekude nesistimu sonozungezilanga galaxy nangale kwalokho. Amaphrojekthi afana Mashi kanye nabase-Europe, I-Telescope ye-James Webb Space kuhloswe ngazo ukucinga amasignesha of biology in eseduze sonozungezilanga ngenkathi AmaNASA I-SETI (Sesha i-Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) kanye nephrojekthi ye-Breakthrough Listen (BL) ziyizibonelo zokusesha amasignesha obuchwepheshe ekujuleni kakhulu. isikhala.
Zombili lezi zindlela zinikeza izinzuzo kodwa ukusesha ama-technosignatures kubonakala kuhambisana nosesho lwebhayoloji kodwa futhi kwandisa ukusesha kusuka endaweni yelanga kuye ekujuleni. indawo yonke ku imilayezo.
Ukusesha ama-technosignatures afaka umumo, ukurekhodwa nokuhlaziywa kwamasignali omsakazo noma ukuqhuma okuvela ekujuleni. isikhala iza ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu (ngokubheka ukucinga kwama-biosignatures),. isibonelo, isabelomali sonyaka se AmaNASA Uhlelo lwe-SETI belungaba izigidi eziyishumi zamaRandi. Okuningi kwe isikhala ingaqondiswa futhi iseshelwe amasignali omsakazo anokuqukethwe kolwazi oluqinile, ukutholwa okuqinile nokuhumusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusesha ngerediyo kunesizinda sesayensi esimisiwe kanye nomongo.
Icala lokuseshwa kwe-technosignature nalo lenzelwa ukuthi ivolumu yosesho esampuliwe kuze kube manje iphansi kakhulu. Ivolumu yosesho ingase inwetshwe maduze nje. Lokhu kuzodinga ukufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe kwezibonakude zomsakazo, izinsiza, ukwakha kabusha i-ecosystem yocwaningo kanye nokuhambisana nentuthuko yehadiwe nesoftware (uMargot et al 2019).
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Inothi lomhleli:
UDkt Jean-Luc Margot wase-UCLA uphakamisile 'I-NASA ayinalo uhlelo lwe-SETI. Ayikaze ibe nohlelo lwe-SETI eminyakeni engaphezu kwama-25. Ngicela ucabangele ukulungiswa.'
Sithanda ukwengeza ukuthi uhlelo lwe-NASA lwe-SETI lwakhanselwa ngo-1993. Ngaleso sikhathi isabelomali sonyaka sohlelo lwe-SETI sasicishe sibe izigidi eziyishumi zamaRandi.
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Umthombo (s)
1. Margot J et al 2019. Umsakazo usesho lwama-technosignatures eshumini leminyaka lika-2020-2030. I-Pre-Print arXiv:1903.05544 ithunyelwe ngomhla ka-(13 Mar 2019). https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05544
2. Billings L., 2018. Kusuka Emhlabeni Kuya Emkhathini: Impilo, Ubuhlakani, Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo. I-Biological Theory. 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-017-0266-6
3. Hirabayashi H. 2019. SETI (Sesha Ukuhlakanipha Kwangaphandle). I-Astrobiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3639-3_30
4. U-Lingam M kanye no-Loeb A 2019. Amathuba Akhona Empumelelo Ekusesheni Impilo Yasekuqaleni Kuqhathaniswa Nokuhlakanipha Kwangaphandle Komhlaba. Isayensi yezinkanyezi. 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1936
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