"Noma ngabe impilo inzima kangakanani, kuhlale kukhona ongakwenza futhi uphumelele." - UStephen Hawking
UStephen W. Hawking (1942-2018) ngeke kukhunjulwe nje ngokuba isazi sefiziksi esisezingcingweni esinengqondo ekhaliphile kodwa nokufanekisela amandla omoya womuntu ukuvuka nokunqoba ngaphezu kokukhubazeka okunzima komzimba nokufeza lokho okucatshangwa ukuthi yinto engacabangeki. . USolwazi Hawking watholakala enesifo esiwohlozayo lapho engakahlangani neminyaka engama-21 ubudala, kodwa wabonisa ukukhuthazela ezinkingeni zakhe futhi waqhubeka nokuhlanganisa ingqondo yakhe emzamweni wokuveza ezinye zezimfihlakalo zesayensi ezimangalisayo zezwe. indawo yonke.
Umqondo we izimbobo ezimnyama kwavela kumbono ka-Albert Einstein jikelele wokuhlobana. Izinto ze-cosmic izimbobo ezimnyama- okucatshangwa ukuthi iyindida enkulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo indawo yonke- ziminyene kakhulu, ziminyene kangangokuthi akukho lutho olubalekela amandla azo adonsela phansi, ngisho nokukhanya. Konke kungene kukho. Lesi yisizathu izimbobo ezimnyama abizwa izimbobo ezimnyama ngoba akukho okungaphunyuka ekubanjweni kwayo futhi akunakwenzeka ukuyibona a umgodi omnyama. Ngoba izimbobo ezimnyama ungakhiphi ukukhanya noma amandla nganoma yiluphi uhlobo ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izinto ze-cosmic, azisoze zaqhuma. Lokhu kwakusho izimbobo ezimnyama angeke afe.
UStephen Hawking wabuza ukungafi kwe izimbobo ezimnyama.
Encwadini yakhe enesihloko esithi ''Izimbobo ezimnyama ukuqhuma?'', eshicilelwe ku Nature ngo-19741, u-Hawking wafinyelela isiphetho sethiyori sokuthi akuyona yonke into edonswa umgodi omnyama futhi izimbobo ezimnyama khipha imisebe ye-electromagnetic ebizwa ngokuthi Imisebe ye-Hawking, echaza ukuthi imisebe ingaphuma ku-a umgodi omnyama, ngenxa yemithetho ye-quantum mechanics. Ngakho, umgodi omnyamas nayo ingaqhuma bese iguqulela emisebeni ye-gamma. Wabonisa ukuthi noma yikuphi umgodi omnyama izodala futhi ikhiphe izinhlayiya ezifana ne-neutrino noma ama-photons. Njenge umgodi omnyama ikhipha imisebe umuntu angalindela ukuthi ilahlekelwe isisindo. Lokhu kuzokwandisa amandla adonsela phansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule izinga lokuphuma kwegazi. I umgodi omnyama ngakho-ke kungaba nokuphila okulinganiselwe futhi ekugcineni anyamalale angabi nalutho.Lokhu kwanamathela emcabangweni osekunesikhathi eside uphethwe yizazi zefiziksi zokuthi izimbobo ezimnyama azifi.
The Imisebe ye-Hawking kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ayinalo ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nokuthi yini umgodi omnyama idliwe ngoba ulwazi lugwinywe yi umgodi omnyama ngabe ilahlekile unomphela.Ocwaningweni lwakamuva olwanyatheliswa ngo-2016 ku-Physical Review Letters, u-Hawking wabonisa ukuthi izimbobo ezimnyama zine-halo 'yezinwele ezithambile' (ngobuchwepheshe, ama-excitations e-low-energy quantum) ezizungezile ezingase zigcine ulwazi. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nalokhu lungase luholele ekuqondeni nasekuxazululeni ekugcineni umgodi omnyama inkinga yolwazi.
Noma yibuphi ubufakazi bethiyori ka-Hawking? Asikho isiqinisekiso sokuqaphela okwamanje esibonwayo endaweni yonke. Izimbobo ezimnyama ziphile isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa namuhla ekupheleni kwazo.
***
{Ungafunda iphepha lokuqala locwaningo ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi se-DOI esinikezwe ngezansi ohlwini lwemithombo ekhonjiwe}
Umthombo (s)
1. Hawking S 1974. Ukuqhuma kwemigodi emnyama? Nature. 248. https://doi.org/10.1038/248030a0
2. Hawking S et al 2016. Izinwele Ezithambile kuma-Black Holes. Phys. Umfundisi Lett.. 116. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.231301
