Indlela yase-UK yokukhiqiza amandla ahlanganisiwe yaqala ukumenyezelwa ngohlelo lwe-STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) ngo-2019. Isigaba saso sokuqala (2019-2024) sifike esiphethweni ngokukhishwa komklamo womqondo we-fusion prototype powerplant. Izosekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwenkundla kazibuthe yokuvala i-plasma kusetshenziswa umshini we- tokamak kodwa I-STEP yase-UK izosebenzisa i- tokamak eyindilinga esikhundleni sokuthi i-tokamak emise okwedonathi yosiko isetshenziswe e-ITER. I-tokamak eyindilinga kucatshangwa ukuthi inezinzuzo eziningana. Lesi sikhungo sizokwakhiwa e-Nottinghamshire futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sisebenze ekuqaleni kwawo-2040.
Isidingo somthombo onokwethenjelwa wamandla ahlanzekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo samandla sabantu abakhulayo kanye nomnotho wezwe ongasiza ngokushesha ukubhekana nezinselele (ezibangelwa umbaso ophelayo, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izingozi zemvelo ezihlobene ne-nuclear fission reactors, kanye nobumpofu. ukunwebeka kwemithombo evuselelekayo) akukaze kuzwakale ngokujulile njengasesikhathini samanje.
Emvelweni, ukuhlanganisa amandla enuzi kuhlanganisa nelanga lethu elenzeka enkabeni yezinkanyezi lapho izimo zokuhlangana (okungukuthi. izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ebangeni elingamakhulu ezigidi ze-degree centigrade kanye nomfutho) Ikhono lokudala izimo zokuhlangana ezilawulwayo emhlabeni liyisihluthulelo samandla ahlanzekile angenamkhawulo. Lokhu kuhilela ukwakha indawo ehlanganisiwe enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu ukuze kuvuswe ukungqubuzana okunamandla amakhulu, okunokuminyana kwe-plasma eyanele ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okushayisana futhi engavala i-plasma isikhathi esanele ukuze kusebenze ukuhlangana. Ngokusobala, ingqalasizinda kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvala nokulawula i-plasma eshisa kakhulu kuyisidingo esibalulekile sokuxhashazwa kwezentengiselwano kwamandla e-fusion. Izindlela ezehlukene ziyacutshungulwa futhi zisetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuvalelwe i-plasma ekufezekiseni ukuhweba kwamandla e-fusion.
I-Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)
Ngendlela ye-inertial fusion, izimo zokuhlanganisa zidalwa ngokuminyanisa ngokushesha kanye nokushisisa inani elincane likaphethiloli ohlanganisiwe. I-National Ignition Facility (NIF) e-Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) isebenzisa indlela ye-laser-driven implosion ukuze ifake amakhepsuli agcwaliswe ngophethiloli we-deuterium-tritium kusetshenziswa imishayo yelaser enamandla amakhulu. I-NIF ithole ukuthungela kwe-fusion okokuqala ngo-December 2022. Ngokulandelayo, ukushiswa kwe-fusion kwaboniswa izikhathi ezintathu ngo-2023 okwaqinisekisa ubufakazi bomqondo wokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nuclear okulawulwayo kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla.
Ukuvalelwa kwamagnetic kwendlela ye-plasma
Ukusetshenziswa kukazibuthe ukuvala nokulawula i-plasma ukuze kuhlanganiswe kuyazanywa ezindaweni eziningi. I-IITER, ukusebenzisana kwamandla okuhlanganisa okunebhongo okukhulu kwezizwe ezingama-35 ezizinze e-St. Paul-lez-Durance eningizimu yeFrance isebenzisa i-ring torus (noma idivayisi kazibuthe ye-donut) ebizwa ngokuthi i-tokamak eklanyelwe ukuvala uphethiloli we-fusion isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngokwanele ukuthungela kwe-fusion kwenzeke. Umqondo ohamba phambili wokuvalelwa kwe-plasma wezitshalo zamandla e-fusion, i-tokamak ingagcina ukusabela kwe-fusion kuqhubeka inqobo nje uma kukhona ukuzinza kwe-plasma. I-tokomak ye-ITER izoba enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
I-STEP yase-UK (I-Spherical Tokamak Yokukhiqiza Amandla) Uhlelo lwe-Fusion:
Njenge-ITER, uhlelo lokuhlanganisa lwe-STEP lwase-United Kingdom lusekelwe ekuvalelweni kazibuthe ku-plasma kusetshenziswa i-tokamak. Nokho, i-tokamak yohlelo lwe-STEP izoba yindilinga (esikhundleni somumo we-ITER's donut). I-tokamak eyindilinga ihlangene, iyabiza futhi ingaba lula ukuyikala.
Uhlelo lwe-STEP lwamenyezelwa ngo-2019. Isigaba salo sokuqala (2019-2024) sifike esiphethweni ngokukhishwa komklamo womqondo wesitshalo samandla esihlanganisiwe se-fusion.
Udaba olunetimu lwePhilosophical Transactions A yeRoyal Society, olunesihloko esithi “Ukudiliva Amandla E-Fusion – I-Spherical Tokamak Yokukhiqiza Amandla (ISINYATHELO)” okuhlanganisa namaphepha ayi-15 abuyekezwe ngontanga ashicilelwe ngomhla ka-26 Agasti 2024 anemininingwane ngenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe yohlelo lokuklama nokwakha imboni yokuqala yase-UK yokukhiqiza ugesi ngokuxutshwa. Amaphepha athwebula isifinyezo esiphelele sokuklama kanye nohlaka lobuchwepheshe obudingekayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwakho endaweni eyisibonelo ekuqaleni kwawo-2040.
Uhlelo lwe-STEP luhlose ukuhlahla indlela yokuba yimpumelelo kwezentengiselwano yokuhlanganisa ngokubonisa amandla aphelele, ukuzoneliseka kukaphethiloli kanye nomzila osebenzayo wokunakekela izitshalo. Kudingeka indlela ephelele yokuletha imboni ye-prototype esebenza ngokugcwele ephinde icabangele ukuhoxiswa komsebenzi njengengxenye yomklamo.
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References:
- Uhulumeni wase-UK. Ukukhishwa kwabezindaba - I-UK ihola umhlaba wonke ekwakhiweni kwe-fusion powerplant. Ishicilelwe 03 September 2024. Itholakala e- https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-leading-the-world-in-fusion-powerplant-design
- 'Ukudiliva Amandla E-Fusion - I-Spherical Tokamak Yokukhiqiza Amandla (ISINYATHELO). I-Royal Society edition enetimu yePhilosophical Transactions A,. Zonke iziqephu zendatshana ezibuyekezwe ontanga eziyi-15 kumagazini wendikimba oshicilelwe ngomhla ka-26 Agasti 2024. Atholakala ku- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/toc/rsta/2024/382/2280
- Abaphenyi base-UK baveza amazwibela emiklamo yesikhungo samandla se-fusion yenoveli. Isayensi. 4 Septhemba 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.zvexp8a
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Izihloko ezihlobene
- Ama-Brown Dwarfs (BDs): I-James Webb Telescope Ihlonza Into Encane Kakhulu Eyakheke Ngendlela Efana Nenkanyezi (5 Januwari 2024)
- I-‘Fusion Ignition’ ikhonjiswe okwesine e-Lawrence Laboratory (20 Disemba 2023)
- I-Fusion Ignition iba ngokoqobo; I-Energy Breakeven Ifinyelelwe eLawrence Laboratory (15 Disemba 2022)
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