Manje sekuyizwi elijwayelekile ukuthi i-homeopathy 'ayikholeleki ngokwesayensi' futhi 'ayimukeleki ngokokuziphatha' futhi kufanele 'inqatshwe' umkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Iziphathimandla zezokunakekelwa kwempilo manje sezikwenqabile ukumosha izimali ezibalulekile zikahulumeni kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi 'kubhebhetheke'. isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza ngoba lokhu kunikeza kuphela ukwethembeka kulo mkhuba ongenangqondo futhi kubeka izimpilo zabantu engozini ngokugwema noma ukubanqabela imithi efanele nokunakekelwa. Ukungakholakali kwe-homeopathy manje sekusungulwe kakhulu ngoba amalungiselelo e-homeopathic ahlanjululwe kakhulu ngakho awaqukethe amanani abalulekile "okuthiwa" izithako ezisebenzayo ngakho-ke awakwazi ukuba nomthelela esigulini. Abukho futhi ubufakazi obuphathekayo obukhona bokusekela ukusebenza kahle kwayo naphezu kocwaningo oluningi olwenziwayo.
I-European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC), inhlangano esambulela emele izikole zikazwelonke ezingama-29 eYurophu ifuna imithetho eqinile yokulawula ukusabalala isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza embikweni wabo oshicilelwe muva nje1. Izikhungo zezemfundo ezingamalungu manje seziqinisa ukugxekwa okunzima ezimangalweni ezihlukahlukene zezempilo nezesayensi ezenzelwe i-homeopathic imikhiqizo. Ukuhlaziywa neziphetho kulo mbiko kusekelwe ekuhloleni okuhle kakhulu, okungachemi kwezesayensi osekushicilelwe kakade yiziphathimandla zezomthetho. Ithimba ligcizelele ukuthi nakuba kukuhle ukuba nezinye izindlela zokwelapha kodwa zonke lezi kufanele zigqugquzelwe ngokuqinile ubufakazi hhayi ihaba lokucabanga okufiselekayo okubeka iziguli ezingozini ezengeziwe.
I-Homeopathy: ukungenzeki kwesayensi
Okokuqala nokubalulekile, wona kanye umnyombo we-homeopathy awukholeki ngokwesayensi. Kukhona ukuntula ngokuphelele ukusekelwa kwesayensi kuzo zonke izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezifunwa yi-homeopathy. Iningi lamakhambi awo alungiswa ngokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi okulandelanayo oku-umpteen (ngokusekelwe embonweni wokuthi 'into' izoshiya 'isici' sayo emanzini) okuholela esixazululweni esingaguquki noma esingenalusizo esingenawo umkhondo 'wento' yasekuqaleni. yona. Lo mshini, okokuqala nje, uyehluleka ukuthethelelwa2 ngoba akwenzeki futhi akubonakali futhi futhi ayilandeli imigomo yokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa ne-pharmacology3.Le migomo kade yasungulwa ukuze ichaze ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nama-receptors futhi isethe izimiso ezimaphakathi zanoma yimuphi umuthi/umuthi lapho ulethwa ohlelweni lwebhayoloji. Le migomo iye yafakazelwa isikhathi nesikhathi ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abukho nobodwa ubufakazi besayensi banoma yiziphi izindlela ezifunwa i-homeopathy okuhlanganisa amasignali kazibuthe kagesi (uma ekhona) kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'inkumbulo yamanzi'.2.
Okwesibili, ake sihlaziye 'inqubo' ye-homeopathy ngokuningiliziwe. Uma ubheka ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi, uma noma yiziphi izithako ezincibilikisiwe kuwo kulandelwa ukuhlanjululwa okulandelanayo okuningana, khona-ke umthelela wangempela walesi sithako emanzini uzoba webanga elifushane kakhulu (ngama-nanometers, i-10-9 amamitha) ngakho-ke umthelela ngeke udlulele ngale kongqimba lwe-hydration ngaleyo ndlela ungabi nemithelela yesikhathi eside elandelanayo. Lokhu kuhlongozwa ezifundweni zesayensi zetiyetha ezihlukahlukene ezisekelwe ekutholweni kwe-spectroscopy nezilinganiso ezichaza imiphumela yokuhleleka kwamangqamuzana obude nokusebenzelana emkhathini nesikhathi.5,6. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali namandla okuguquguquka kwamanzi ngokwawo kuyasiphikisa isimangalo esenziwe sokuthi isithako esincibilika emanzini ngokuhlanjululwa kwe-serial sishiya noma iyiphi 'imprinting' kuwo - umqondo omaphakathi lapho isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza isekelwe phezu- futhi lezi zincazelo zishicilelwe kaningi ukufakazela ukungathembeki kwesayensi kwenkumbulo ehlongozwayo 'yesikhathi eside' yamanzi.7,8.
Umphumela we-placebo: amathuba amaningi wokwelashwa
Ososayensi bathi njengoba ukwelashwa kwe-homeopathic kungenakwenzeka ngokwesayensi, futhi 'amaphilisi kashukela' e-homeopathy awanazo izithako ezisebenzayo, noma iyiphi inzuzo ebonwa esigulini ingase ibe ngenxa yomphumela we-placebo - lapho abantu bekholelwa ukuthi amaphilisi azosiza. abanesimo esithile, le nkolelo ingabangela ukuphulukiswa kwempendulo futhi isikhathi esiningi, inkambo yemvelo yokugula nokuhlehla kuzonakekela izinto. Lezi zenzakalo ziqala ukusabalalisa umbono ongamanga wokuthi i-homeopathy inenzuzo.Ukuhlaziywa kwezincwadi okuphelele kwezilingo eziyi-110 ze-homeopathy kanye nokuhlolwa kwemithi yendabuko ehambisanayo eyi-110 kubonisiwe.9 ukuhlola okufanayo okuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yomtholampilo ye-homeopathy ngokwezibalo ifana kakhulu nemiphumela ye-placebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kokuhlaziywa kwe-meta enkulu emihlanu yokuhlolwa okuhlukile kwe-homeopathic nakho kuphethe imiphumela efanayo.9,10. Kulokhu kuhlaziya yonke imikhondo enganele, ukuchema kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezibalo okungahleliwe akufakiwe futhi kwabonisa ukuthi umuthi we-homeopathy ukhiqize imiphumela efanayo ngokwezibalo uma uqhathaniswa ne-placebo futhi akukho okunye.
Isizindalwazi se-Cochrane Sokubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile (CDSR)11 iwumthombo oholayo, onokwethenjelwa wokubuyekezwa okuhlelekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.Lokhu kubuyekezwa kubanzi kakhulu, kuhlanganisa izivumelwano ezibuyekezwe ontanga, izinqubo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile kanye nokuhlaziywa okusobala kwedatha. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Cochrane kokwelashwa kwe-homeopathic kufaka phakathi lokho okuwohloka komqondo, isifuba somoya, i-autism, umkhuhlane nokunye okuningi kanye nokuhlola okuhlelekile okwenziwa kulezi zibuyekezo kufaka ubufakazi 'bokuthi' cha noma 'obanele' ukuze kuhlolwe noma yimuphi umthelela ongaba khona we-homeopathy. Inkulumompikiswano eyashicilelwa ngo-2015 kuBritish Medical Journal12 ikhombisa ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezincwadi ezixoxa ngokusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-homeopathy kanye nezimangalo eziphikiswayo ezifakwe imithombo ehlukahlukene esekela noma ekhuthaza izimangalo ze-homeopathy.
Imibuzo ephakanyiswe ngokuphepha nekhwalithi
Njengoba umuthi noma ukulungiswa kwe-homeopathic kukholakala ukuthi kuhlanjululwe kumadigri amaningana, kucatshangwa kahle ukuthi akukho mibuzo okudingeka iphakanyiswe nganoma yiziphi izinhlobo zokukhathazeka kokuphepha. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungase kungabi yiqiniso ngempela. Isibonelo, embikweni wakamuva kakhulu, isithako sokuqala (i-belladonna) somuthi wamazinyo we-homeopathic wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa sitholakale sinobuthi futhi saholela emiphumeleni emibi ezigulini.13. Ubufakazi obunjalo - obuphenywe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yase-USA - ngokungacaci kanye nokuyekethisa ekuphepheni nekhwalithi ngodokotela be-homeopathic kuyimbangela enkulu yokukhathazeka futhi edinga ukunakwa ngokushesha. Izidingo zokulawula ezingaguquguquki kakhulu kudingeka zibe khona ukuze kuboniswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwayo yonke imikhiqizo ye-homeopathic (esetshenziswa ekulungiseni imithi) futhi lezi zidinga ukusekelwe ebufakazini obuqinisekisayo nobuqinile besayensi okuyinto engekho njengamanje. Njengoba kungekho bufakazi obucacile obutholakalayo, le mikhiqizo ye-homeopathic inconyelwa iziphathimandla ezilawulayo ukuthi inganikezwa imvume noma ibhaliswe nhlobo.1.
Ukugcina isineke ebumnyameni
Empeleni, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, kungenzeka kube khona izinga elithile lomphumela we-placebo, yingakho lokhu kungaba yiqiniso ku-homeopathy. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abasekeli be-homeopathy baphikisa ngokuthi uma isiguli sizwa umphumela we-placebo kusho ukuthi 'kusekhona' inzuzo esigulini. Ososayensi bayaphikisana nokuthi uma lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela futhi i-homeopaths yamukela ukuthi i-'placebo' iyona kuphela inzuzo ngakho-ke baqamba amanga ezigulini ngokufuna ezinye izici ezingafinyeleleki futhi bangaziseli isiguli ngokucacile ngomphumela we-placebo. Le ndlela iphikisana nomgomo oyinhloko wezimiso zokuziphatha emkhakheni wezokwelapha - ukubeka izinto obala nesiguli kanye nemvume yokwelashwa unolwazi.
Futhi, izixazululo ze-homeopathic azilokothi zembulwe ezigulini ezizenza ziqagele nje ngaso sonke isikhathi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwazo. Eningini lemithi ye-homeopathic, ibhodlela alibhalwanga kahle ngezithako futhi akugqanyiswa neze ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwazo kusekelwe kuphela kumibono yendabuko ye-homeopathic ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwanoma yimiphi imiqondo yesayensi. Ngokuphambene, i-homeopaths yenza izimangalo eziqondile eziqondile noma ezishiwoyo zokuthi izidakamizwa zabo zinamandla okwelapha izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene. Zonke lezi zici azikho emthethweni futhi zidukisa umphakathi jikelele. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, i-EASAC, ngokwesibonelo, imise imithethonqubo phakathi kweYurophu1 ukunciphisa izimangalo ezingabazekayo kanye nezikhangiso ezingamanga, ezidukisayo ezenziwa ngama-homeopaths. Babeke imingcele ekusakazweni kwabezindaba ekwelashweni kwe-homeopathic kuzo zonke iziteshi ze-TV zomphakathi kanye nomphakathi zezempilo izinhlelo. Okwamanje, bakwenze kwaba isibopho ukuthi amalebula omkhiqizo we-homeopathic ahlonze ngokucacile izithako kanye namanani azo olwazi lweziguli.
Kudingeka isenzo manje!
Izinyathelo ezinjalo zidinga ukwenziwa emazweni lapho i-homeopathy isivele yandile isib. I-India ne-Brazil. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza umphakathi uqaphele ukuthi i-homeopathy ayilandeli izimiso zokuziphatha eziyisisekelo futhi ukuhamba ngalo mzila kudala ukubambezeleka okungadingekile ekufuneni usizo lwezokwelapha olufanele. Kubuye kube yisibopho sokuziphatha kwawo wonke umuntu ukunakekela impilo Isisebenzi sithathe isinyathelo ngokumelene ne-homeopathy futhi ikakhulukazi osokhemisi abazama ukuthengisa lawa makhambi e-homeopathic ngokuzenzisa angaphezu kwe-placebos. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-homeopathy iphambanisa nemikhiqizo yemvelo njengemithi ye-herbal (eminye yayo engase ibe nokuzwakalayo ngokungafani ne-homeopathy). ). Ngakho-ke, abezindaba bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukusatshalaliswa okunembile kolwazi lwesayensi olusekelwe ebufakazini emphakathini.
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{Ungafunda iphepha lokuqala locwaningo ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi se-DOI esinikezwe ngezansi ohlwini lwemithombo ekhonjiwe}
Umthombo (s)
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2. Grimes DR 2012. Izindlela ezihlongozwayo ze-homeopathy azinakwenzeka ngokomzimba. Gxila Ezindleleni Zokwelapha Ezihlukile Nezihambisanayo. 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01162.x
3. UTallarida noJacob 1979. Ubudlelwano Bethamo-Impendulo ku-Pharmacology. I-Springer-Verlag.
4. U-Aronson JK. 2007. Umphumela wokugxila kanye nempendulo yomthamo kukhemisi yomtholampilo. I-British Journal ye-Clinical Pharmacology. 63(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2927
5. Anick DJ 2004. Ukuzwela okuphezulu kwe-1H-NMR spectroscopy yamakhambi e-homeopathic enziwe emanzini. I-BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 4(15). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-4-15
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8. Jungwirth P. 2011. I-Physical chemistry: i-wafer-thin surface yamanzi. Imvelo. 474. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10173
9. UShang A et al. 2005. Ingabe imiphumela yomtholampilo yemiphumela ye-placebo ye-homeopathy? Ucwaningo oluqhathanisayo lwezilingo ezilawulwa yi-placebo ze-homeopathy kanye ne-allopathy. I-Lancet. 366(9487) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2
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