Ukusabalala kwamagciwane emoyeni kuye kwachazwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ngababambe iqhaza abahlukene isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, amagama athi 'indiza emoyeni', 'ukuthunyelwa komoya' kanye 'nokudluliselwa kwe-aerosol' kwasetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukile emikhakheni eyahlukene. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka kube nomthelela olwazini olunganembile kanye nokudideka mayelana Ukudluliselwa ama-pathogens kubantu. Eqinisweni, i-WHO yagxekwa ngokunensa kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni i-SARS-CoV-2 njengendiza emoyeni.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kunikezwe ngokucacile, i-WHO iqhamuke nezincazelo zokudluliswa kwamagciwane ngomoya kanye namagama ahlobene nawo kulandela ukubonisana okuningiliziwe nama-ejensi wezempilo yomphakathi kanye nochwepheshe.
Izinhlayiya zokuphefumula ezithathelwanayo (noma ama-IRP)
Ngokusho kwencazelo entsha. izinhlayiya ezithathelwanayo ezikhiqizwe futhi zikhishwe abantu abangenwe igciwane lokuphefumula ngomlomo noma ngamakhala ngokuphefumula, ukukhuluma, ukuphimisa, ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula kuchazwa ngegama elithi 'izinhlayiya zokuphefumula ezithathelwanayo' noma ama-IRP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-IRP akhona ku-spectrum eqhubekayo yosayizi, futhi awekho amaphoyinti okusika okukodwa okufanele asetshenziswe ukuze kuhlukaniswe ezincane nezinhlayiyana ezinkulu. Ngakho, i-dichotomy yangaphambilini 'ye-aerosols' (izinhlayiya ngokuvamile ezincane) kanye 'namaconsi' (izinhlayiya ngokuvamile ezinkulu) ziyaqedwa.
Lokhu kuqonda kwama-IRP kuyasiza ekuchazeni isifo esithathelwanayo lapho indlela eyinhloko yokudlulisela ifaka i-pathogen ehamba emoyeni noma ukulengiswa emoyeni.
Ukudluliswa komoya
Ukudluliswa komoya noma ukuhogela kwenzeka lapho ama-IRP ekhishelwa emoyeni futhi ehogelwa ngomunye umuntu. Lokhu kungenzeka ebangeni elifushane noma elide ukusuka kumuntu onaleli gciwane futhi ibanga lincike ezintweni ezehlukene njengokugeleza komoya, umswakama, izinga lokushisa, umoya omncane njll. kungase kucace ku-pathogen.
Ukubekwa okuqondile
Ukubekwa okuqondile kwenzeka lapho ama-IRP ekhishelwa emoyeni esuka kumuntu othelelekile, bese efakwa ngokuqondile emlonyeni ovele obala, ikhala noma amehlo omunye umuntu oseduze, bese engena ohlelweni lokuphefumula lomuntu futhi okungabangela ukutheleleka.
Lezi zincazelo ezintsha okuvunyelwene ngazo kanye nokuqonda kwamagciwane kanye nokudluliselwa emoyeni kufanele kusize ukusetha ama-ajenda ocwaningo kanye nokuqaliswa kokungenelela kwezempilo yomphakathi.
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References:
- I-WHO 2024. Ukukhishwa kwezindaba - Izikhungo zezempilo ezihamba phambili ziveza amagama abuyekeziwe amagciwane asakazwa emoyeni. Kubuyekezwe ngomhlaka-18 Ephreli 2024.
- Umbiko womhlaba wonke wokubonisana nobuchwepheshe mayelana namagama ahlongozwayo amagciwane asakazwa emoyeni. . Ishicilelwe yi-WHO
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