Ucwaningo olusha lwahlola ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-biomolecules namaminerali obumba emhlabathini futhi lwanikeza ukukhanya ezintweni ezithonya ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni esekelwe ezitshalweni emhlabathini. Kwatholakala ukuthi ukushaja ama-biomolecules namaminerali obumba, ukwakheka kwama-biomolecules, izakhi zensimbi zemvelo emhlabathini kanye nokumatanisa phakathi kwama-biomolecules kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni enhlabathini. Nakuba ukuba khona kwama-ion ensimbi ashajwe kahle enhlabathini kuthanda ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, ukubhanqa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwama-biomolecules kuvimbele ukumenyezelwa kwama-biomolecules kumaminerali obumba. Okutholakele kungaba usizo ekubikezeleni amakhemikhali omhlabathi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekubambeni ikhabhoni enhlabathini, okungase kuvule indlela yezixazululo ezisekelwe enhlabathini zokunciphisa ikhabhoni emkhathini kanye nokufudumala komhlaba kanye ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Umjikelezo wekhabhoni ubandakanya ukuhamba kwekhabhoni emkhathini iye ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni eziseMhlabeni bese ibuyela emkhathini. Ulwandle, umkhathi kanye nezinto eziphilayo zingamadamu amakhulu noma usinki lapho imijikelezo ye-carbon. Okuningi ikhabhoni kugcinwa/kuhlungwa emadwaleni, enhlabathini nasenhlabathini. Izinto eziphilayo ezifile emadwaleni nasezinsaleni zingase zibe izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi phakathi nezigidi zeminyaka. Ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla kukhipha ikhabhoni eningi emkhathini eye yaqinisa ibhalansi yekhabhoni yasemkhathini futhi yaba nomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba kanye nomphumela wayo. ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Imizamo iyenziwa ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ku-1.5°C uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga angaphambi kwezimboni ngo-2050. Ukuze kukhawulwe ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ku-1.5°C, ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kufanele kukhuphuke ngaphambi kuka-2025 futhi kunciphe ngo-2030. Kodwa-ke, ukubalwa kwesitokwe kwamuva nje kuye kwaba yembula ukuthi izwe alikho endleleni yokunciphisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-1.5°C ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka. Uguquko alusheshi ngokwanele ukuze kufinyelelwe ekuncishisweni kwesisi esingcolisa umoya ngamaphesenti angama-43 ngonyaka wezi-2030 okunganciphisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngaphakathi kwezifiso zamanje.
Kukulo mongo lapho indima yomhlabathi i-organic carbon (SOC) ngaphakathi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ithola ukubaluleka kokubili njengomthombo ongase ube khona wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokucwila kwemvelo kwekhabhoni yasemkhathini.
Umthwalo wefa lomlando wekhabhoni (okungukuthi, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane kusukela ngo-1,000 ngenkathi inguquko yezimboni iqala) noma yikuphi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni wonke kunamandla okukhulula ikhabhoni eningi enhlabathini emkhathini yingakho kubalulekile ukonga okukhona. inhlabathi carbon stocks.
Umhlabathi njengosinki we eziphilayo ikhabhoni
Umhlabathi usengowesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni (emva kolwandle). eziphilayo ikhabhoni. Iphethe cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,500 ekhabhoni ecishe iphindwe kashumi kunenani eligcinwe emkhathini, nokho inamandla amakhulu angasetshenzisiwe okuthatha ikhabhoni yasemkhathini. Izitshalo zingabamba phakathi kwama-petagram angu-0.90 no-1.85 (1 Pg = 1015 amagremu) ekhabhoni (Pg C) ngonyaka, okungama-26-53% okuhlosiwe “4 nge-1000 Initiative ngayinye” (okungukuthi, izinga lokukhula laminyaka yonke elingu-0.4% lenhlabathi emile yomhlaba wonke eziphilayo I-carbon stocks inganciphisa ukwanda kwamanje kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emkhathini futhi ibe negalelo ekuhlangabezaneni ne isimo sezulu target). Kodwa-ke, ukuhlangana kwezinto ezinomthelela ekubanjweni kwezitshalo eziphilayo Indaba enhlabathini ayiqondwa kahle.
Yini enomthelela ukuvala ikhabhoni emhlabathini
Ucwaningo olusha lunikeza ukukhanya kokuthi yini enquma ukuthi isitshalo sisekelwe yini eziphilayo udaba luzovaleleka lapho lungena enhlabathini noma luzogcina ludlisa amagciwane bese lubuyisela ikhabhoni emkhathini ngendlela yeCO2. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokusebenzelana phakathi kwama-biomolecules namaminerali obumba, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukushaja ama-biomolecules namaminerali obumba, ukwakheka kwama-biomolecules, izakhi zensimbi yemvelo emhlabathini kanye nokumatanisa phakathi kwama-biomolecules kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni emhlabathini.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenzelana phakathi kwamaminerali obumba nama-biomolecules ngamanye kwembula ukuthi ukubopha kwakungabikezelwa. Njengoba amaminerali obumba ekhokhiswa kabi, ama-biomolecules anezingxenye ezikhokhiswa kahle (i-lysine, i-histidine ne-threonine) abhekana nokubopha okuqinile. Ukubophezela kuphinde kuthonywe ukuthi i-biomolecule iyakwazi yini ukuguquguquka ngokwanele ukuze iqondanise izingxenye zayo ezishajelwe kahle namaminerali obumba afakwe icala elibi.
Ngaphezu kokushaja kwe-electrostatic kanye nezici zesakhiwo sama-biomolecules, izakhi zensimbi zemvelo ezisenhlabathini zitholakale zinendima ebalulekile ekubopheni ngokwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Isibonelo, i-magnesium ne-calcium efakwe kahle, kwakha ibhuloho phakathi kwama-biomolecules afakwe icala elibi kanye namaminerali obumba ukuze kwakheke isibopho esisikisela ukuthi izingxenye zensimbi zemvelo emhlabathini zingenza kube lula ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni emhlabathini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhangana kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwama-biomolecules ngokwawo kube nomthelela omubi ekubopheni. Eqinisweni, amandla okukhanga phakathi kwama-biomolecules atholakale ephakeme kunamandla okukhanga kwe-biomolecule kumaminerali obumba. Lokhu kwakusho ukuncipha kokungena kwama-biomolecules ombeni. Ngakho-ke, nakuba ukuba khona kwama-ion ensimbi afakwe kahle enhlabathini kuthanda ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, ukubhanqa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwama-biomolecules kwavimbela ukumenyezelwa kwama-biomolecules kumaminerali obumba.
Lokhu okutholakele okusha mayelana nokuthi kanjani eziphilayo ama-carbon biomolecules abophezela kumaminerali obumba emhlabathini angasiza ekuguquleni amakhemikhali enhlabathi ngendlela efanele ukuze athande ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, ngaleyo ndlela kuvuleke indlela yezixazululo ezisekelwe emhlabathini ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
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References:
- Zomer, RJ, Bossio, DA, Sommer, R. et al. Amandla Okuthathwa Kwembulunga yonke Kwekhabhoni Yemvelo Ekhulisiwe Emhlabathini We-Cropland. I-Sci Rep 7, 15554 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15794-8
- Rumpel, C., Amiraslani, F., Chenu, C. et al. Isinyathelo se-4p1000: Amathuba, imikhawulo kanye nezinselelo zokuqalisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-organic carbon carbon isu lentuthuko esimeme. I-Ambio 49, 350–360 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01165-2
- U-Wang J., Wilson RS, kanye no-Aristilde L., 2024. Ukuhlanganisa i-electrostatic nokuhlanganisa amanzi kuhlelo lwe-adsorption lwama-biomolecules endaweni yokusebenzelana kwamanzi nobumba. I-PNAS. 8 February 2024.121 (7) e2316569121. I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2316569121
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