Ososayensi benze inkundla ye-3D bioprinting ehlanganisa ukusebenza womuntu izicubu ze-neural. Amaseli okhokho kumathishu aphrintiwe akhula akhe amasekhethi emizwa futhi enze ukuxhumana okusebenzayo namanye ama-neuron alingisa imvelo. Ubuchopho izicubu. Lena inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile kubunjiniyela bezicubu ze-neural kanye nakubuchwepheshe be-3D bioprinting. Izicubu ezinjalo ze-bioprinted neural zingasetshenziswa ekwenzeni imodeli womuntu izifo (njenge-Alzheimer's, Parkinson's njll.) ezibangelwa ukonakala kwamanethiwekhi emizwa. Noma yiluphi uphenyo lwezifo zobuchopho ludinga ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani womuntu amanethiwekhi we-neural ayasebenza.
I-3D bioprinting iyinqubo yokwengeza lapho i-biomaterial efanelekile yemvelo noma yokwenziwa (i-bioink) ixutshwa namaseli aphilayo futhi iphrintiwe, isendlalelo ngesendlalelo, ezakhiweni zemvelo ezifana nezingxenye ezintathu-ntathu. Amaseli akhula ku-bioink futhi izakhiwo zithuthuka ukuze zilingise izicubu zemvelo noma isitho. Lobu buchwepheshe buthole izinhlelo zokusebenza ku ukuvuselelwa umuthi wokuphrinta amaseli, izicubu nezitho kanye nocwaningo njengemodeli yokufunda womuntu umzimba kwesibeletho, ikakhulukazi womuntu isimiso sezinzwa.
Ukufunda kwe womuntu isistimu yezinzwa ibhekene nemikhawulo ngenxa yokungatholakali kwamasampuli ayisisekelo. Amamodeli ezilwane awusizo kodwa ahlushwa umehluko wezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane yingakho kubalulekile kwesibeletho amamodeli we womuntu uhlelo lwezinzwa ukuphenya ukuthi womuntu amanethiwekhi e-neural asebenzela ekutholeni ukwelashwa kwezifo okubangelwa ukonakala kwamanethiwekhi emizwa.
Human izicubu ze-neural ziye zanyatheliswa nge-3D esikhathini esidlule zisebenzisa ama-stem cells kodwa lezi zazintula ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi ye-neural. Izicubu eziphrintiwe azizange zibonise ukuthi zenze ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Lamaphutha asenqotshiwe manje.
Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, abacwaningi ikhethe i-fibrin hydrogel (ehlanganisa i-fibrinogen ne-thrombin) njenge-bioink eyisisekelo futhi ihlele ukuphrinta isakhiwo esinezingqimba lapho amangqamuzana okhokho angakhula futhi akhe ama-synapses ngaphakathi nakwezingqimba zonkana, kodwa ashintsha indlela izingqimba ezipakishwa ngayo ngesikhathi sokuphrinta. Esikhundleni sendlela yendabuko yokupakisha izendlalelo ziqonde phezulu, bakhethe ukuphrinta izendlalelo eduze kwesinye ngokuvundlile. Ngokusobala, lokhu kwenza umehluko. Inkundla yabo ye-3D bioprinting itholwe ihlangana isebenza womuntu izicubu ze-neural. Ukuthuthukiswa ngaphezu kwamanye amapulatifomu akhona, i womuntu Izicubu ze-neural eziphrintwe yile nkundla zenze amanethiwekhi e-neural kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzayo namanye ama-neurons namaseli e-glial ngaphakathi naphakathi kwezingqimba. Leli icala lokuqala elinjalo futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili kubunjiniyela bezicubu ze-neural. Ukuhlanganiswa kwelabhorethri kwezicubu zezinzwa ezilingisa ubuchopho ekusebenzeni kuzwakala kujabulisa. Le nqubekelaphambili ngokuqinisekile izosiza abacwaningi ekumodeleni womuntu izifo zobuchopho ezibangelwa ukukhubazeka kwenethiwekhi ye-neural ukuze uqonde kangcono indlela yokuthola ukwelashwa okungenzeka.
***
References:
- I-Cadena M., et al 2020. I-3D Bioprinting ye-Neural Tissues. Izinto Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Ezithuthukisiwe Umqulu 10, Ukukhishwa kwe-15 2001600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001600
- Yan Y., et al 2024. 3D bioprinting of womuntu izicubu ze-neural ezinokuxhumana okusebenzayo. I-Cell Stem Cell Technology| Umqulu 31, Ukukhishwa 2, P260-274.E7, February 01, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.009
***
