U-Alfred Nobel ku-Leonard Blavatnik: Indlela Imiklomelo eyasungulwa ngayo ama-philanthropists Impact Ososayensi Nesayensi  

Alfred Nobel, usomabhizinisi owaziwa kangcono ngokusungula i-dynamite owazuza ingcebo ngebhizinisi leziqhumane nezikhali futhi washiyela ingcebo yakhe ukuba ayisungule futhi ayinikeze “imiklomelo kulabo, phakathi nonyaka owandulele, abaye banikeza isintu inzuzo enkulu kakhulu”. Okokuqala Nobel imiklomelo kwezesayensi yanikezwa ngo-1901 ku-Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen ku-physics ukuze kutholwe ama-X-ray, ku-Jacobus H. van 't Hoff ku-chemistry ye-Osmotic Pressure kanye ne-Chemical Equilibrium, kanye no-Emil von Behring kwezokwelapha kanye ne-physiology ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwe-serum, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokumelene ne-diphtheria. Okunye umlando - Nobel umklomelo manje, izinga legolide lokuklonyeliswa kanye “nokuqashelwa” okuphelele usosayensi angakulangazelela.  

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imiklomelo yesayensi iye yanda emhlabeni wonke. Imiklomelo Yesayensi YeBayer Foundation iqoqo lemiklomelo enikezwe isisekelo esasungulwa nguProf Kurt Hansen ukukhuthaza ukufundiswa kwesayensi. Wabuye wasungula i Hansen Family Award eyesayensi yezokwelapha ngo-2000. USergey Brin, uYuri noJulia Milner, uMark Zuckerberg noPriscilla Chan, u-Anne Wojcicki, kanye noPony Ma basungulwa. Umklomelo Wokuphumelela okuyiqoqo lemiklomelo yamazwe ngamazwe. I-Breakthrough Prize yokuqala yanikezwa ngo-2012.  

Imiklomelo ye-Blavatnik for Young Scientists abaneminyaka engu-42 nangaphansi, yasungulwa ngo-2007 ngokubambisana phakathi kweBlavatnik Family Foundation, eholwa ngu. Leonard Blavatnik kanye neNew York Academy of isayensi, ephethwe nguNicholas Dirks. ULeonard wagqugquzelwa ukuthi asungule umklomelo ofanayo ngemuva kokuwubuka Nobel umcimbi womklomelo.  

Ekuqaleni, uBlavatnik wayevulekele ososayensi baseNew York, New Jersey naseConnecticut e-USA. Ngo-2014, lo mklomelo wanwetshwa ukuze uhlanganise nososayensi abasebasha kulo lonke elase-US, nase-UK nase-Israel ngo-2018. Ama-Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists e-UK Okwe unyaka 2024 isanda kunikezwa u-Anthony Green ngokuklama kanye nobunjiniyela bama-enzyme amasha, anemisebenzi ebalulekile ye-catalytic ngaphambili eyayingaziwa emvelweni, u-Rahul R. Nair ngokwenza ulwelwesi lwenoveli olusekelwe ezintweni ze-2D ezizokwenza ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa nokuhlunga buwonga amandla, kanye naku-Nicholas McGranahan. , ukuze kusetshenziswe izimiso zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuze kuqondwe umdlavuza nokuthi kungani kunzima kangaka ukwelapha izimila.  

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ucwaningo lwakamuva ngomthelela wemiklomelo emsebenzini owalandela wabamukeli luveze ukuthi ososayensi bemisebenzi yakuqala (engaphansi kweminyaka engama-42) bavame ukuzuza izingcaphuno eziningi zemisebenzi yabo yangemva kokuklonyeliswa kunaphakathi kwe-career (iminyaka engama-42-57) kanye ososayensi abadala (abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-57). Nobel Abahlomulile bathole izingcaphuno ezimbalwa zangemuva kunomsebenzi wangaphambi komklomelo¹. Ngokusobala, imiklomelo eqondiswe kososayensi bemisebenzi yasekuqaleni inikela kakhulu ocwaningweni olunomthelela nolunomthelela. Imiklomelo efana no-Blavatnik yenza njengesitebhisi esikhuphukayo ngokwesekwa nogqozi kososayensi abasebasha, ngaleyo ndlela ivale igebe.  

Imiklomelo iza nokwethembeka, ukwesekwa ngezimali, ukuxhumana nemboni kanye nemigubho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banomthelela omuhle engqondweni nasebuntwini babamukeli. Izindondo, udumo nokuhlonishwa kubakhuthaza kakhulu ososayensi emisebenzini yabo. Ukwazisa nokutuswa okuvela emphakathini kukhulisa ukuzethemba kwabahlomuli bemiklomelo². Le miphumela yengqondo engaphatheki inomthelela kuyo yonke i-ecosystem yocwaningo.  

Imiklomelo nokuhlonishwa nakho kuyasiza ekukhetheni kososayensi umbuzo wocwaningo. Basebenza njengesikhuthazo esiyinhloko ngemuva kwamasu okusungula izinto eziyingozi kakhulu futhi bakhuthaze ukuhlola imibono emisha³. Lokhu kubalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nemibono embalwa futhi izazi ziphusha imingcele yesayensi⁴. 

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References: 

1. I-Nepomuceno A., Bayer H., kanye ne-Ioannidis JPA, 2023. Umthelela wemiklomelo emikhulu emsebenzini olandelayo wabamukeli bazo. I-Royal Society Open Science. Kushicilelwe:09 Agasti 2023. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230549 

2. Soni R., 2020. Ukuvala Igebe Phakathi Kwesayensi Nomuntu Ovamile: Umbono Wososayensi. Isayensi yaseYurophu. I-Scientific European.14 May 2020. 

3. Fortunato S., et al 2018. Isayensi yesayensi. ISAYENSI. 2 Mar 2018. Vol 359, Issue 6379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0185 

4. UMa Y. no-Uzzi B., 2018. Inethiwekhi yemiklomelo yesayensi ibikezela ukuthi ubani ophusha imingcele yesayensi. I-PNAS. Ishicilelwe 10 December 2018. 115 (50) 12608-12615. I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800485115 

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